Histidine decarboxylase

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Histidine decarboxylase
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
Symbols HDC ; MGC163399
External IDs OMIM142704 MGI96062 HomoloGene20490 IUPHAR: 1274 GeneCards: HDC Gene
EC number 4.1.1.22
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 3067 15186
Ensembl ENSG00000140287 ENSMUSG00000027360
UniProt P19113 P23738
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001306146 NM_008230
RefSeq (protein) NP_001293075 NP_032256
Location (UCSC) Chr 15:
50.24 – 50.27 Mb
Chr 2:
126.59 – 126.62 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
histidine decarboxylase
Identifiers
EC number 4.1.1.22
CAS number Template:CAS
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology AmiGO / EGO
Histidine carboxylase PI chain
PDB 1ibt EBI.jpg
structure of the d53,54n mutant of histidine decarboxylase at-170 c
Identifiers
Symbol HDC
Pfam PF02329
InterPro IPR003427
SCOP 1pya
SUPERFAMILY 1pya

Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that produces histamine from histidine with the help of vitamin B6 as follows:[1][2][3]

Conversion of histidine to histamine by histidine decarboxylase

In humans, the histidine decarboxylase enzyme is encoded by the HDC gene.[4][5]

Function

The biogenic amine histamine is an important modulator of numerous physiologic processes, including neurotransmission, gastric acid secretion, and smooth muscle tone. The biosynthesis of histamine from histidine is catalyzed by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase. This homodimeric enzyme is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent decarboxylase and is highly specific for its histidine substrate.[4]

Biosynthesis

In bacteria, it is synthesised as a proenzyme, PI. Cleavage of the proenzyme PI chain yields two subunits, alpha and beta, which arrange as a hexamer, (alpha beta)6, by nonhydrolytic self-catalysis.[6]

Clinical significance

Inhibitors of histidine decarboxylase can be used as atypical antihistamines. (See Tritoqualine)

Mutations in the gene for this enzyme have been observed in one family with Tourette syndrome (TS) and are not thought to account for most cases of TS.[7]

See also

References

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Further reading

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External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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