The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Estonian and Finnish pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. See Finnish phonology and Estonian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages.
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximation |
| Consonants |
| d |
Finnish ladot |
adept |
| h |
hevonen |
horse |
| j |
joulu |
yoyo |
| k |
kala |
scold |
| l |
laulu |
lack |
| lʲ[1] |
Estonian only: jälk |
leep |
| m |
metsä, onpa |
mocha |
| n |
nenä |
nanny |
| nʲ[1] |
Estonian only: vann |
onion |
| p |
puu |
spill |
| r |
rauta |
rolled r |
| s |
sinä |
sole |
| sʲ[1] |
Estonian only: vastik |
super (some dialects) |
| t |
tina |
stand |
| tʲ[1] |
Estonian only: vatt |
at you |
| ʋ |
viha |
Between v and w |
| Stress |
| ˈ |
hevonen |
Normally placed on the first syllable. |
hernekeitto [ˈherˈne.keit.to]
Tule! [ˈtuˈle] |
Both syllables in two-syllable imperatives and two first syllables in some compound words. |
|
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximation |
| Vowels |
| ɑ |
pouta |
Like father, but shorter |
| ɑː |
poutaa |
father |
| æ |
pöytä |
cat |
| æː |
päivää |
mad |
| e |
terve |
let |
| eː |
eesti |
émigré |
| i |
viha |
kid |
| iː |
siika |
see |
| o |
oksa |
chore |
| oː |
koostaa |
sole |
| ø |
pöytä |
No English equivalent; somewhat like bird |
| øː |
säröön |
Same as above but longer |
| ɤ |
Estonian only: õlu |
No English equivalent; somewhat like cup or wood |
| ɤː |
Estonian only: õõnsus |
Same as above but longer |
| u |
surma |
wood |
| uː |
suu, ruoan |
coop |
| y |
Finnish kesy
Estonian küla |
No English equivalent; somewhat like cube |
| yː |
Finnish ryyppy
Estonian rüüpa |
Same as above but longer |
|
|
Finnish diphthongs
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximation |
| Diphtong |
| ɑi |
aika |
aisle, eye |
| ɑu |
aura |
how |
| æi |
äiti |
main in some Australian dialects |
| æy |
täytyy |
no English equivalent |
| ei |
ei, hei |
heyday |
| eu |
neutraali |
No English equivalent. Spanish and Italian neutro. |
| ey |
keskeytyä |
no English equivalent |
| ie |
kieli (standard pronunciation) |
no English equivalent |
| iu |
viulu |
no English equivalent |
|
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximation |
| iy |
siistiytyä |
no English equivalent |
| oi |
koittaa, koettaa |
coin |
| ou |
outo |
American pronunciation of no, oh |
| øi |
töitä |
No English equivalent. French feuille. |
| øy |
pöyristyä |
roughly like the British pronunciation of no, oh |
| ui |
muita |
No English equivalent. Spanish muy, French grenouille, Portuguese anuis, Italian lui. |
| uo |
Suomi (standard pronunciation) |
No English equivalent. Spanish cuota, Italian quota. |
| yi |
syitä |
No English equivalent. French huit. |
| yø |
yö, työtä (standard pronunciation) |
no English equivalent |
|
|
Estonian diphthongs
/ɑe/, /ɑi/, /ɑo/, /ɑu/, /æe/, /æi/, /æo/, /æu/, /eɑ/, /ei/, /eo/, /iu/, /oɑ/, /oe/, /oi/, /ou/, /ɤɑ/, /ɤe/, /ɤi/, /ɤo/, /ɤu/, /øɑ/, /øe/, /øi/, /ui/, /yi/.
Notes
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References
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External links
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 In Estonian, the palatalized consonants, /tʲ nʲ sʲ lʲ/ are pronounced like their non-palatalized counterparts, but with constriction of the tongue towards the hard palate, as if pronouncing a simultaneous /j/.
