Juan Guaidó

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This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Guaidó and the second or maternal family name is Márquez.
Juan Guaidó
File:Juan Guaidó restored version.jpg
Interim President of Venezuela
Assumed office
23 January 2019
Disputed with Nicolás Maduro since 23 January 2019.
Preceded by Nicolás Maduro
10th President of the National Assembly of Venezuela
Assumed office
5 January 2019
Preceded by Omar Barboza
Federal Deputy for Vargas
Assumed office
5 January 2016
Personal details
Born Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez
(1983-07-28) 28 July 1983 (age 41)
La Guaira, Venezuela
Political party Voluntad Popular
(Popular Will)
Spouse(s) Fabiana Rosales[1]
Children 1 daughter
Education Andrés Bello Catholic University
George Washington University
Profession Engineer
Signature Juan Guaidó's signature

Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez (Spanish: [xwaŋ xeˈɾaɾðo ɣwai̯ˈðo ˈmaɾ.kes]; born 28 July 1983)[2] is a Venezuelan engineer and politician serving as the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela since 5 January 2019. A member of the centrist social-democratic Popular Will party, he also serves as a federal deputy representing the state of Vargas.

Under the Constitution of Venezuela the President of the National Assembly may serve as interim president if the office of President of the Republic becomes vacant. On 23 January Guaidó took a public oath, swearing himself in as interim President of Venezuela in the context of the ongoing presidential crisis, which came into being following the contested inauguration of Nicolás Maduro as President of Venezuela that same month. Guaidó's claim has been recognized by the Organization of American States [3][4] and several governments, including nations across Americas and the world,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] but is rejected by the Chinese and Russian governments as well as the pro-Maduro Supreme Tribunal of Justice.[15]

Early life and education

One of eight children, Guaidó was raised in a middle-class home by his parents who were an airline pilot and a teacher.[16] One grandfather was a sergeant of the Venezuelan National Guard while another grandfather was a captain in the Venezuelan Navy.[7]

After living through the Vargas tragedy of 1999 which left his family temporarily homeless, Guaidó earned his high school diploma in 2000.[2][17] The tragedy, according to his colleagues, influenced his political views after the then-new government of Hugo Chávez allegedly provided ineffective response to the disaster.[18]

Guaidó later earned his professional license as an industrial engineer after graduating from the Andrés Bello Catholic University in 2007. Guaidó also did postgraduate studies at George Washington University in the United States and at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración.[17]

Activism

Guaidó was part of a student-led political movement that protested against the Venezuelan government's decision not to renew the broadcasting license of independent television network RCTV.[19] The group also protested broader attempted reforms of the government by Hugo Chávez, including the constitutional referendum of 2007, which Chávez lost.[20]

Guaidó, along with political figures like Leopoldo López, became founding members of the Popular Will political party in 2009.[21] In 2014, he was the party's national coordinator.[22]

Venezuelan National Assembly

In the 2010 parliamentary elections, Guaidó was elected to a seat as an alternate federal deputy, [23] and was elected to a full seat in the National Assembly in the 2015 elections by earning 97,492 votes (26.01%) of the vote.[24][25] Despite being severely impoverished, a majority of employers in Vargas are government companies, and, thus, until Guaidó's 2015 election, Chavista rule in the state was unchallenged.[18]

In 2017, Guaidó was named head of Comptroller's Commission of the National Assembly and in 2018, he was named head of the legislature's opposition.[17] He also contributed to the research of Jennifer Cyr at the University of Arizona in 2017.[22]

During his time in the National Assembly, Guaidó investigated corruption cases surrounding the Maduro administration, as well as operating alongside independent organizations to return money stolen from the Venezuelan public.[18] He also participated in the 2017 Venezuelan protests and was left scarred on his neck after he was shot by the police with rubber bullets.[26]

President of the National Assembly

File:Edgar Zambrano, Juan Guaido and Stalin Gonzalez.jpg
Guaidó as President of the National Assembly

Guaidó was elected President of the National Assembly of Venezuela in December 2018, and was sworn in on 5 January 2019. Relatives of imprisoned politicians were invited to the inauguration, gathering on the balcony behind the banner of Juan Requesens.[27] Upon taking office, he vowed to oppose Nicolás Maduro, who was accused by journalists and analysts of usurping executive power by remaining in office past the end of his presidential term, which expired on 10 January 2019, officiating an eight-point action plan.[27][28][29] On 15 January 2019, the National Assembly approved legislation that works with dozens of foreign countries to request that these nations freeze Maduro administration bank accounts.[30]

Several Latin American leaders have called for Maduro to turn executive power over to the National Assembly at the end of his term in office, and for new elections to be held in what they saw as an attempt to restore democracy.[31] Guaidó suggested on 25 January 2019 that, if Maduro gives up power, he may receive amnesty.[32]

Interim President of Venezuela

Assumption of presidential powers and duties

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Main article: 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis
File:Venezuela president recognition map 2019.svg
Nations recognizing presidential power
     Venezuela
     Recognize Guaidó
     Support National Assembly
     Recognize Maduro

Article 233 of the Constitution of Venezuela provides that, in the event of a vacancy in the office of President, "the President of the National Assembly shall take charge of the Presidency of the Republic" on an interim basis, until a new presidential election is held.[33]

After what he and others described as the "illegitimate" inauguration of Maduro on 10 January 2019, Guaidó announced that he would challenge Maduro's claim to the presidency and held a rally the following day, where the National Assembly announced he had assumed the powers and duties of president and they would continue to plan to remove Maduro, contributing to the presidential crisis.[34][35] The Venezuelan foreign minister responded with saying "You see this man, who nobody knows in Venezuela—you ask in the streets, 'Who is Juan Guaidó?' and nobody knows him—but he's being pushed to say that he is the new president, by the U.S".[36]

From early on in his career as Assembly president and then self-proclaimed Acting president in January 2019, it has been noted by reporters and commenters that Guaidó evokes former US President Barack Obama in his presence and movements, and also may have deliberately used the same "rallying cry" as Obama: "Sí, se puede!", Spanish for "Yes we can".[37] (Although Obama himself borrowed the phrase from Cesar Chavez.[38])

Guaidó wrote an article for The Washington Post that was published on 15 January 2019. In it, he described and analysed the situation in Venezuela at the time, and stated he was trying to resolve the instability with technical explanations.[39]

Recognition

Guaidó is recognized as the interim president of Venezuela by many individual nations in the Americas and around the world including:[40][41]<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

The European Union abstained from recognizing Guaidó as president of Venezuela, instead saying on 23 January 2019 that it "fully supports the National Assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected," adding that "the civil rights, freedom and safety of all members of the National Assembly, including its President, Juan Guaidó, need to be observed and fully respected."[42]

Detention and release

While on his way to La Guaira to attend the open cabildo called for 13 January 2019, Guaidó was intercepted by members of the Bolivarian Intelligence Service (SEBIN) and subsequently detained.[43][44][45][46] He was released by authorities 45 minutes later.[16]

The Lima Group condemned the act, as did the secretary of the Organization of American States (OAS), Luis Almagro. On the same day, he declared himself as acting president. The government attributed the fact that it was carried out unilaterally by the SEBIN personnel involved, and an arrest warrant was issued to the Intelligence Service Commissioner, Idelmaro Múcura, designated as responsible. In this regard, Guaidó declared that after the events it was demonstrated that there was a break in the chain of command in the Armed Forces.[47]

Twelve SEBIN officials were arrested and imprisoned following the event and were held to await trial. They were charged with "illegitimate detention" and "abuse of functions".[48]

References

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External links

Political offices
Preceded by President of the National Assembly of Venezuela
2019–present		 Incumbent
Preceded by Interim President of Venezuela
disputed
2019–present
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  15. ↑ Venezuelan Top Court Calls for Probe into Illegal Actions of Suspended National Assembly
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  33. ↑ Title 5 of the Consitution of Venezuela
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  38. ↑ Rodriguez, Cindy Y. "Cesar Chávez an inspiration to president's campaign slogan and movements." CNN. 2012-10-08 (reprinted version from 2014). Retrieved 2019-01-24.
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