German federal election, 1994
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German federal elections took place on 16 October 1994, to elect members to the 13th Bundestag (parliament) of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Issues and campaign
The SPD let its members elect a candidate for Chancellor against Helmut Kohl. Rudolf Scharping, Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate, beat Gerhard Schröder and Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul in the SPD's internal election. Tension between Scharping and other SPD leaders such as Oskar Lafontaine and Gerhard Schröder hampered his campaign.
For the first time the Green party seemed to be willing to actually join a government in the event that a SPD – Green coalition had the majority.
Results
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| Parties | Constituency | Party list | Total seats | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | +/− | Seats | +/− | Votes | % | +/− | Seats | +/− | Seats | +/− | % | ||||
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 17,966,813 | 38.3 | +3.1 | 103 | +12 | 17,140,354 | 36.4 | +2.9 | 149 | +1 | 252 | +13 | 37.5 | |||
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 17,473,325 | 37.2 | −1.1 | 177 | −15 | 16,089,960 | 34.2 | −2.5 | 67 | −9 | 244 | −24 | 36.3 | |||
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | 3,657,627 | 7.8 | +0.4 | 44 | +1 | 3,427,196 | 7.3 | +0.2 | 6 | −2 | 50 | −1 | 7.4 | |||
| Alliance '90/The Greens† | 3,037,902 | 6.5 | +0.9 | 0 | ±0 | 3,424,315 | 7.3 | +2.3 | 49 | +41 | 49 | +41 | 7.3 | |||
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 1,558,185 | 3.3 | −4.5 | 0 | −1 | 3,258,407 | 6.9 | −4.1 | 47 | −31 | 47 | −32 | 7.0 | |||
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | 1,920,420 | 4.1 | +1.8 | 4 | +3 | 2,066,176 | 4.4 | +2.0 | 26 | +10 | 30 | +13 | 4.5 | |||
| The Republicans (REP) | 787,757 | 1.7 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 875,239 | 1.9 | −0.2 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| The Grays – Gray Panthers (GRAUE) | 178,450 | 0.4 | −0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 238,642 | 0.5 | −0.3 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP) | 200,138 | 0.4 | −0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 183,715 | 0.4 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Natural Law Party (Naturgesetz) | 59,087 | 0.1 | +0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 73,193 | 0.2 | +0.2 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Animal Protection Party | – | – | – | – | – | 71,643 | 0.2 | +0.2 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Party of Bible-abiding Christians (PBC) | 26,864 | 0.1 | +0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 65,651 | 0.1 | +0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Statt Party (STATT) | 7,927 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 63,354 | 0.1 | +0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Bavaria Party (BP) | 3,324 | 0.0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 42,491 | 0.1 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Car-drivers' and Citizens' Interests Party (APD) | 1,654 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 21,533 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Christian Centre (CM) | 3,559 | 0.0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 19,887 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Party of the Willing to Work and Socially Vulnerable (PASS) | 489 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 15,040 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD) | 4,932 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 10,038 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Solidarity (BüSo) | 8,032 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 8,103 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Christian League (Liga) | 3,788 | 0.0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 5,195 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Centre Party (Zentrum) | 1,489 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 3,757 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Federation of Socialist Workers (BSA) | – | – | – | – | – | 1,285 | 0.0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Free Citizens' Union (FBU) | 8,193 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| German Social Union (DSU) | 2,395 | 0.0 | −0.3 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| German Communist Party (DKP) | 693 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| DVP | 606 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Free Social Union (FSU) | 467 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Communist Party of Germany (KPD) | 426 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Independent Workers' Party (UAP) | 302 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Liberal Democrats (LD) | 221 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Federation for a Complete Germany (BGD) | 107 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Democrats (DEMOKRATEN) | 104 | 0.0 | +0.0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Electoral groups and independents | 34,080 | 0.1 | ±0 | 0 | ±0 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | ±0 | 0 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 788,643 | — | — | — | — | 632,825 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Totals | 47,737,999 | 100 | ±0.0 | 328 | ±0 | 47,737,999 | 100 | ±0.0 | 344 | +10 | 672 | +10 | ±0 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 60,452,009 | 79.0 | — | — | — | 60,452,009 | 79.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Source: Federal Returning Officer | ||||||||||||||||
- ^† — totals for the Greens reflect the merger of the Western and Eastern Green parties.
| 294 | 252 | 49 | 47 | 30 |
| CDU/CSU | SPD | Grüne | FDP | PDS |
Post-election
The coalition between the CDU/CSU and the FDP was able to continue in power with Helmut Kohl as chancellor.
The PDS was able to gain four direct seats and was therefore eligible for full caucus status and proportional representation even though it remained below the 5% margin.
References
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| Parliamentary elections |
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| Presidential elections | |
| European elections | |
| Referendums | |
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