Chlorine pentafluoride

Chlorine pentafluoride

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Identifiers
CAS Number	13637-63-3 Y
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	61654
RTECS number	FO2975000
InChI InChI=1S/ClF5/c2-1(3,4,5)6
SMILES FCl(F)(F)(F)F
Properties
Chemical formula	ClF5
Molar mass	130.445 g mol−1
Appearance	colorless gas
Density	4.5 kg/m3 (g/L)
Melting point	−103 °C (−153 °F; 170 K)
Boiling point	−13.1 °C (8.4 °F; 260.0 K)
Solubility in water	hydrolyzes
Structure
Molecular shape	Square pyramidal
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (So298)	310.73 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	−238.49 kJ mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Chlorine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with formula ClF₅. This colourless gas is an strong oxidant that was once a candidate oxidizer for rockets. The molecule adopts a square pyramidal structure with C_4v symmetry, as confirmed by its high resolution ¹⁹F NMR spectrum.

Preparation

Some of the earliest research on the preparation was classified. It was first prepared by fluorination of chlorine trifluoride at high temperatures and high pressures:

ClF₃ + F₂ → ClF₅

NiF₂ catalyzes this reaction.

Certain metal fluorides, MClF₄ (i.e. KClF₄, RbClF₄, CsClF₄) react with F₂ to produce ClF₅ and the corresponding alkali metal fluoride.

Reactions

In a highly exothermic reaction, water hydrolyses ClF₅ to produce chloryl fluoride and hydrogen fluoride:

ClF
₅ + 2 H
₂O → FClO
₂ + 4 HF

It is also a strong fluorinating agent. At room temperature it reacts readily with all elements except noble gases, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine.

See also

• Chlorine trifluoride
• Hypervalent molecule

External links

• National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet
• New Jersey Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet
• WebBook page for ClF5