Zonguldak
| Zonguldak | |
|---|---|
| Municipality | |
 Zonguldak
|
|
| Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Zonguldak |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Muharrem Akdemir (CHP) |
| Area[1] | |
| • District | 632.98 km2 (244.39 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 60 m (200 ft) |
| Population (2012)[2] | |
| • Urban | 109,080 |
| • District | 213,544 |
| • District density | 340/km2 (870/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 67 000 |
| Area code(s) | (+90) 372 |
| Vehicle registration | 67 |
| Climate | Cfb |
| Website | www |
Zonguldak is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It was established in 1849 as a port town for the nearby coal mines in Ereğli and the coal trade remains its main economic activity. According to the 2009 census, Zonguldak has a population of 108,792. The current mayor is Muharrem Akdemir, representing the CHP. Zonguldak is one of the highest income economies among Turkish cities.
Contents
Etymology
There are several different theories concerning the origin of the city's name.
One is that it comes from Zone Geul-Dagh, the name given to the area by French and Belgian mining companies[3][4] to refer to the zone near "Geul-Dagh" or Göldağı ("Lake Mountain"), the highest mountain in the vicinity of the Devrek district.
Another theory is that the name originates from the Turkish zongalık which means swamp, or zongura.
Another is that the name may derive from the name of the nearby ancient settlement of Sandraka or Sandràke (in Ancient greek Σανδράκη).
According to another theory the name may have come from the compound word Jungle-Dagh, composed of jungle, which the French entrepreneurs called the area due to its uneven and wooded geography, plus dağ meaning "a mountain" in Turkish.
In a 1920 report, the British Foreign Office spelled Zonguldak Zunguldak.[5]
History
The port city of Zonguldak suffered a heavy bombardment by the Russians during World War I, according to the caption of a Lubok popular print.[6]
As of 1920, the port was under the control of the Heraclea Coal Company. The northern part of the bay featured a man made harbor, for steamship use. At that time, they had two cranes which distributed coal to exporting vessels.[5]
Climate
Zonguldak has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb); with high and evenly distributed rainfall the year round. Summers are warm and humid, and the average temperature is around 21 °C in July and August. Winters are cool and damp, and the average temperature is around 6 °C in January and February.
Precipitation is heaviest in autumn and early winter and lightest in spring. Snowfall is quite common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows.
The water temperature like in the whole Turkish Black Sea coast is always cool and fluctuates between 8° and 20 °C throughout the year.
| Climate data for Zonguldak | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.0 (59) |
18.7 (65.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.2 (77.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.91 (62.45) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
8.2 (46.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
5.6 (42.1) |
10.53 (50.95) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 133.1 (5.24) |
85.8 (3.378) |
87.8 (3.457) |
57.5 (2.264) |
51.3 (2.02) |
71.2 (2.803) |
81.3 (3.201) |
88.4 (3.48) |
122.5 (4.823) |
153.3 (6.035) |
147.3 (5.799) |
153.8 (6.055) |
1,233.3 (48.555) |
| Average rainy days | 18.1 | 15.5 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 9.5 | 13.2 | 13.9 | 17.8 | 149.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 65.1 | 78.4 | 127.1 | 162 | 232.5 | 288 | 316.2 | 291.4 | 225 | 155 | 99 | 68.2 | 2,107.9 |
| Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [7] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
The city is the terminus of a railway line to Irmak, with the terminating station Zonguldak Railway Station built in 1937.
International relations
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Twin towns — Sister cities
Zonguldak is twinned with:
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Maribor, Slovenia- Celje, Slovenia
Žilina, Slovakia
Karachi, Pakistan
New Orleans, LA, USA
Asau, Tuvalu
Lamu, Kenya
Maracaibo, Venezuela
See also
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Cite error: Invalid <references> tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.
<references />, or <references group="..." />External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zonguldak. |
- Zonguldak Municipality official website (Turkish) (English)
- Provincial governor's official website (Turkish)
- History of Zonguldak
- History of Mind
- Zonguldak Documentary
- Videos
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Governorship of Zonguldak - A Brief History (Turkish)
- ↑ Financial Manager's Office of Zonguldak - A General Description (Turkish)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ “The Russian-Turkish War. Sinking Four Turkish Cargo Ships.” World Digital Library. Accessed May 11, 2015.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Pages with reference errors
- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- Articles with Turkish-language external links
- Populated places in Zonguldak Province
- Black Sea port cities and towns in Turkey
- Populated places established in 1849
- Mining in Turkey
- Zonguldak Central District
- Populated coastal places in Turkey
- Zonguldak
- Districts of Zonguldak Province
- World Digital Library related
- 1849 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
