Women's Rugby World Cup

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This article is about rugby union. For rugby league, see Women's Rugby League World Cup. For rugby sevens, see Rugby World Cup Sevens. For other rugby, see World cup of rugby.
Rugby World Cup
Current season or competition:
2025 Rugby World Cup
190px
Rugby World Cup logo
Sport Women's rugby union
Instituted 6 April 1991; 33 years ago (1991-04-06)
Number of teams 12
Regions Worldwide (World Rugby)
Holders  New Zealand (6th title)
Most titles  New Zealand (6 titles)
Website rugbyworldcup.com
Tournaments

The women's Rugby World Cup is the women's rugby union world championship which is organised by World Rugby. The first Rugby World Cup for women was held in 1991, but it was not until the 1998 tournament that the tournament received official backing from the International Rugby Board (IRB, now World Rugby); by 2009, the IRB had retroactively recognized the 1991 and 1994 tournaments and their champions.[1]

Normally, the tournament is held every four years; it was moved forward in 2017 so that the competition could be held in the year following the Summer Olympics. The 2021 tournament was postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but still marketed as the 2021 Rugby World Cup.

Three countries have won the women's Rugby World Cup since its establishment, with New Zealand having won the tournament a record six times.

The championship was previously branded as the Women's Rugby World Cup. As part of an effort to promote greater parity between the championship and its men's counterpart, the Rugby World Cup, World Rugby announced in 2019 that the women's championship would be marketed as the Rugby World Cup with no gender designation beginning in 2021.

History

1990s

Before the first Women's Rugby World Cup officially sanctioned by the International Rugby Board there had been three previous tournaments of a similar nature. The first of these was an event held in August 1990 in New Zealand. Though not considered a world cup, the tournament was referred to as the World Rugby Festival for Women. The competition included teams representing the United States, the Netherlands, Russia, and the hosts, New Zealand – who emerged as winners after defeating the United States in the final.

The first tournament referred to as the Women's Rugby World Cup was held in 1991 and hosted by Wales. Twelve countries were divided into four groups of three. The United States, against expectations, took the first championship with a 19–6 victory over England.[2] In the Plate competition Canada prevailed over Spain 18–4. Following the first tournament, it was decided to move the tournament schedule to the year prior to the next men's world cup, therefore reducing the quadrennial cycle to just three years.

The next event was originally scheduled to take place in Amsterdam but ended up being moved to Scotland. Eleven countries competed in the tournament with the English meeting the United States in the final for the second time; however, in this instance England emerged as winners.[3]

The 1998 tournament became the first women's world cup officially sanctioned by the International Rugby Board. Amsterdam, who were originally scheduled to host the previous world cup, hosted the largest ever tournament with all matches played at the new National Rugby Centre in the city's west end.[4] The tournament also saw a record sixteen teams compete. New Zealand, who withdrew from the previous tournament, also competed. The final saw New Zealand defeat the United States and claim their first world cup title.

2000–present

The next event was taken to Spain in 2002. New Zealand won the title for the second time by defeating England 19–9 in the final.

The 2006 World Cup took place in Edmonton, Canada, and was the first major international rugby union tournament and women's world cup held in North America. New Zealand defeated England in the final to win their third successive world cup title.[5]

File:Women's Rugby World Cup 2010, Wales v South Africa (5) - geograph.org.uk - 2030132.jpg
Wales v South Africa match in 2010

A record four countries expressed interest in hosting the 2010 World Cup. After considering bids from England, Germany, Kazakhstan and South Africa, the IRB announced that the 2010 event would take place in England.[6] The tournament was staged in London, with the final played at the Twickenham Stoop.[7]

File:Kendra Cocksedge and Stacey Waaka re-enacting celebrating the WRWC win.jpg
New Zealand celebrating their title in 2017

The 2017 World Cup was hosted by the Irish Rugby Football Union, which governs the sport on an All-Ireland basis. Games were held in Dublin in the Republic of Ireland and in Belfast in Northern Ireland.[8][9] The tournament was held one year earlier than usual in order to re-align the Women's Rugby World Cup's scheduling for greater synergy with the Summer Olympics (which added rugby sevens in 2016) one year prior, and Rugby World Cup Sevens held the following year. The tournament was to return to a four-year cycle afterward,[10] with the 2021 Women's Rugby World Cup awarded to New Zealand.[11]

File:RWC Women's logo.png
Logo prior to 2021, when gender designation would be removed

In August 2019, World Rugby announced that in an effort to "elevate the profile of the women's game", the women's championship will be marketed under the "Rugby World Cup" branding, with no gender designation, beginning in 2021. World Rugby stated that the decision was intended to promote gender equality and "[eliminate] any inherent or perceived bias" towards men's events, with chairman Bill Beaumont explaining that it "demonstrates our ongoing and unwavering commitment to advancing women in rugby both on and off the field in line with our ambitious strategic plan." World Rugby became the first major sports federation to rebrand its events in such a way.[11]

The 2021 tournament in New Zealand was postponed by one year to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; it will still be branded as the 2021 Rugby World Cup.[12]

From 2025 the competition finals will be expanded to 16 teams, from the 12 competing in 2021.[13] On 12 May 2022, World Rugby announced that England, Australia and the United States would host the next three women's tournaments in 2025, 2029, and 2033 respectively. As part of a new strategy, Australia and the United States were also awarded the preceding men's tournaments in 2027 and 2031 respectively—marking the first time that the men's and women's Rugby World Cup will be held successively in the same host nation.[14]

Results

Tournaments

Ed. Year Host First place game Third place game Num.
teams
1st Champion Score 2nd Runner-up 3rd Third Score Fourth
1 1991 Wales
United States		 19–6
Cardiff Arms Park, Cardiff
England
France		 Shared[15]
New Zealand		 12
2 1994 Scotland
England		 38–23
Edinburgh Academicals, Edinburgh
United States
France		 27–0
Edinburgh Academicals, Edinburgh
Wales		 12
3 1998 Netherlands
New Zealand		 44–12
NRCA Stadium, Amsterdam
United States
England		 31–15
NRCA Stadium, Amsterdam
Canada		 16
4 2002 Spain
New Zealand		 19–9
Olympic Stadium, Barcelona
England
France		 41–7
Olympic Stadium, Barcelona
Canada		 16
5 2006 Canada
New Zealand		 25–17
Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton
England
France		 17–8
Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton
Canada		 12
6 2010 England
New Zealand		 13–10
Twickenham Stoop, London
England
Australia		 22–8
Twickenham Stoop, London
France		 12
7 2014 France
England		 21–9
Stade Jean-Bouin, Paris
Canada
France		 25–18
Stade Jean-Bouin, Paris
Ireland		 12
8 2017 Ireland[16]
New Zealand		 41–32
Ravenhill Stadium, Belfast
England
France		 31–23
Ravenhill Stadium, Belfast
United States		 12
9 2021[17] New Zealand
New Zealand		 34–31
Eden Park, Auckland
England
France		 36–0
Eden Park, Auckland
Canada		 12
10 2025 England
Twickenham Stadium, London
Twickenham Stadium, London		 16
11 2029 Australia

16
12 2033 United States

16

Team records

Team Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Total top 4
 New Zealand 6 (1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2017, 2021) – 1 (1991) – 7
 England 2 (1994, 2014) 6 (1991, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2017, 2021) 1 (1998) – 9
 United States 1 (1991) 2 (1994, 1998) – 1 (2017) 4
 Canada – 1 (2014) – 4 (1998, 2002, 2006, 2021) 5
 France – – 7 (1991, 1994, 2002, 2006, 2014, 2017, 2021) 1 (2010) 8
 Australia – – 1 (2010) – 1
 Wales – – – 1 (1994) 1
 Ireland – – – 1 (2014) 1

Participating nations

Team 1991
Wales		 1994
Scotland		 1998
Netherlands		 2002
Spain		 2006
Canada		 2010
England		 2014
France		 2017
Ireland		 2021
New Zealand
 Australia – – 5th 7th 7th 3rd 7th 6th 6th
 Canada 5th 6th 4th 4th 4th 6th 2nd 5th 4th
 England 2nd 1st 3rd 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st 2nd 2nd
 Fiji – – – – – w – e 9th
 France 3rd 3rd 8th 3rd 3rd 4th 3rd 3rd 3rd
 Germany – w 14th 16th – e – – –
 Hong Kong – – – e e e e 12th w
 Ireland – 7th 10th 14th 8th 7th 4th 8th e
 Italy 8th w 12th 12th – e e 9th 5th
 Japan 11th 8th – 13th e e e 11th 12th
 Kazakhstan – 9th 9th 11th 11th 11th 12th – e
 Netherlands 7th w 13th 15th – e e e e
 New Zealand 3rd w 1st 1st 1st 1st 5th 1st 1st
 Russia 11th[lower-alpha 1] 11th 16th – – e e e e
 Samoa – – – 9th 10th e 11th – w
 Scotland – 5th 6th 6th 6th 8th e e 10th
 South Africa – – – – 12th 10th 10th – 11th
 Spain 6th w[lower-alpha 2] 7th 8th 9th e 9th 10th e
 Sweden 10th 10th 15th – – 12th e – –
 United States 1st 2nd 2nd 5th 5th 5th 6th 4th 7th
 Wales 9th 4th 11th 10th – 9th 8th 7th 8th
  1. ↑ as Soviet Union
  2. ↑ replaced by Scottish Students

Q = nation qualified for Final Tournament not yet played
w = nation withdrew from (final) Tournament
e = nation eliminated in qualifying stage and did not reach Final Tournament
– = nation did not enter competition.

The following nations have participated in qualifying stages, but have never reached the Final Tournament:

Team 1991
Wales		 1994
Scotland		 1998
Netherlands		 2002
Spain		 2006
Canada		 2010
England		 2014
France		 2017
Ireland		 2021
New Zealand
 Belgium – – – – – e – e –
 Brazil – – – – – – – – e
 China – – – – – – – – e
 Colombia – – – – – – – – p
 Czech Republic – – – – – – – e –
 Finland – – – – – – e – –
 India – – – – – – – – e
 Kenya – – – – – – e – e
 Laos – – – – – – e – –
 Madagascar – – – – – – – – e
 Papua New Guinea – – – – – w – e e
 Philippines – – – – – – e – e
 Singapore – – – – – e e – e
  Switzerland – – – – – – – e –
 Thailand – – – – e – e – –
 Tonga – – – – – – – – w
 Uganda – – – – – – e – e

e = nation eliminated in qualifying stage and did not reach Final Tournament
w = nation withdrew from qualifying stage
p = nation possibly eliminated in qualifying stage and will need to be successful in Repechage in order to reach Final Tournament
– = nation did not enter qualifying stage competition.

Apart from the African region, the nations involved in the continental qualifying stages have not been announced as at 20 October 2019.

Refereeing

Final referees

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Format

The format for the 2006 tournament split the 12 participating nations into four pools of three teams. Each nation played three games, after the completion of which a re-seeding process took place. Nations were moved into divisions dictated by their respective overall tournament ranking with the top teams proceeding to the knockout stages.

The 2010 event maintained the number of teams participating at twelve, with regional qualifying tournaments.[19] The 2021 tournament retained the same format, but with the classification round replaced with quarter-finals, as with the men's Rugby World Cup.[20][21] In 2025, the tournament will expand to 16 teams.[13]

Media coverage

The tournament has grown considerably in the past fifteen years although television audiences and event attendance still remain relatively low, especially in comparison to other women's world cup events. The final of the 2006 event in Canada was broadcast in a number of countries and streamed live via the internet.

Sky Sports broadcast 13 live matches from the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup, including the semi-finals, the third and fourth place play-off match and the final. The pool matches shown included all of England's matches, while each of the home nations' featured live too. There were also highlights shown from all other matches during the pool stages.[22]

In Ireland the Women's Rugby World Cup was broadcast by TG4 in 2014, the Irish language channel received praise for airing the tournament. TG4 provided coverage to all of the Irish matches as well as the final and semi-final.[23]

Certain matches in the 2017 WRWC knockout phases drew strong TV viewership in England and France, and were broadcast live in the United States.[24]

In 2017, ITV started televising Women's Rugby Union World Cup matches on free-to-air TV for the first time in history, starting with the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

See also

References

  1. ↑ IRB press release Archived 2 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ A third place match was played – won by France, probably by 3–0. However, the game can only be considered as "unofficial" as it was not part of the original tournament plan, and the result was not recorded in any official tournament reports. The game is also not included in NZRFU international records.
  16. ↑ Was played in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom).
  17. ↑ Taking place in 2022.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ "The rugby gender divide is too real", 18 September 2017.

External links

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