Transliterations of Manchu

There are several systems for transliteration of the Manchu alphabet which is used for the Manchu and Xibe languages. These include the Möllendorff transliteration system invented by Paul Georg von Möllendorff, BabelPad transliteration, the transliteration of the A Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary (CMCD), and Abkai Transliteration (former: Daicing Transliteration). There is also a system of Cyrillization by Ivan Zakharov for transcribing Manchu into Cyrillic.

Möllendorff	BabelPad	CMCD	Abkai	Manchu & Unicode		Xibe & Unicode
a	a	a	a	ᠠ	ᠠ 1820	ᠠ	ᠠ 1820
e	e	e	e	ᡝ	ᡝ 185D	ᡝ	ᡝ 185D
i	i	i	i	ᡳ	ᡳ 1873	ᡞ	ᡞ 185E
y	y	y	y’	ᡟ	ᡟ 185F	ᡟ	ᡟ 185F
o	o	o	o	ᠣ	ᠣ 1823	ᠣ	ᠣ 1823
u	u	u	u	ᡠ	ᡠ 1860	ᡠ	ᡠ 1860
ū	uu	uu	v	ᡡ	ᡡ 1861	ᡡ	ᡡ 1861
n	n	n	n	ᠨ	ᠨ 1828	ᠨ	ᠨ 1828
ng	ng	ng	ng	ᠩ	ᠩ 1829	ᡢ	ᡢ 1862
k	k	k	k	ᡴ	ᡴ 1874	ᡣ	ᡣ 1863
g	g	g	g	ᡤ	ᡤ 1864	ᡤ	ᡤ 1864
h	h	h	h	ᡥ	ᡥ 1865	ᡥ	ᡥ 1865
b	b	b	b	ᠪ	ᠪ 182A	ᠪ	ᠪ 182A
p	p	p	p	ᡦ	ᡦ 1866	ᡦ	ᡦ 1866
s	s	s	s	ᠰ	ᠰ 1830	ᠰ	ᠰ 1830
š	x	sh	x	ᡧ	ᡧ 1867	ᡧ	ᡧ 1867
t	t	t	t	ᡨ	ᡨ 1868	ᡨ	ᡨ 1868
d	d	d	d	ᡩ	ᡩ 1869	ᡩ	ᡩ 1869
l	l	l	l	ᠯ	ᠯ 182F	ᠯ	ᠯ 182F
m	m	m	m	ᠮ	ᠮ 182E	ᠮ	ᠮ 182E
c	c	ch	q	ᠴ	ᠴ 1834	ᠴ	ᠴ 1834
j	j	zh	j	ᠵ	ᠵ 1835	ᡪ	ᡪ 186A
y	y	y	y	ᠶ	ᠶ 1836	ᠶ	ᠶ 1836
r	r	r	r	ᡵ	ᡵ 1875	ᠷ	ᠷ 1837
f	f	f	f	ᡶ	ᡶ 1876	ᡫ	ᡫ 186B
w	w	w	w	ᠸ	ᠸ 1838	ᠸ	ᠸ 1838
k'	kh	kk	k’	ᠺ	ᠺ 183A	ᠺ	ᠺ 183A
g'	gh	gg	g’	ᡬ	ᡬ 186C	ᡬ	ᡬ 186C
h'	hh	hh	h’	ᡭ	ᡭ 186D	ᡭ	ᡭ 186D
ts'	ts	c	c	ᡮ	ᡮ 186E	ᡮ	ᡮ 186E
ts	tsy	cy	cy’	ᡮᡟ	ᡮᡟ 186E 185F	ᡮᡟ	ᡮᡟ 186E 185F
dz	dz	z	z	ᡯ	ᡯ 186F	ᡯ	ᡯ 186F
ž	z	rr	r’	ᡰ	ᡰ 1870	ᡰ	ᡰ 1870
sy	sy	sy	sy’	ᠰᡟ	ᠰᡟ 1830 185F	ᠰᡟ	ᠰᡟ 1830 185F
c'	ch	ch	q’’	ᡱ	ᡱ 1871	ᡱ	ᡱ 1871
c'y	chi	chy	qy’ (q’’i)	ᡱᡳ	ᡱᡳ 1871 1873	ᡱᡞ	ᡱᡞ 1871 185E
j	zh	zh	j’’	ᡷ	ᡷ 1877	ᡲ	ᡲ 1872
jy	zhi	zhy	jy’ (j’’i)	ᡷᡳ	ᡷᡳ 1877 1873	ᡲᡞ	ᡲᡞ 1872 185E

In the transliteration of CMCD, separate s and h are written as s’h to avoid the confusion with sh.