Tamarin

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This article is about the New World monkey. For the tropical plant, see Tamarind. For the village in Mauritius, see Tamarin, Mauritius. For the village in Suriname, see Tamarin, Suriname. For other uses, see Tamarin (disambiguation).
Tamarins[1][2]
Tamarin portrait 2 edit3.jpg
Emperor tamarin, a New World monkey
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Primates
Family:
Callitrichidae
Genus:
Saguinus
Type species
Saguinas ursula
Species

18 species, see text
Synonyms
  • Hapanella Gray, 1870
  • Leontocebus Wagner, 1840
  • Marikina Lesson, 1840
  • Midas E. Geoffroy, 1812
  • Mystax Gray, 1870
  • Oedipomidus Reichenbach, 1862
  • Oedipus Lesson, 1840
  • Seniocebus Gray, 1870
  • Tamarin Gray, 1870
  • Tamarinus Trouessart, 1904

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The tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus Saguinus. They are closely related to the lion tamarins in the genus Leontopithecus.

Range

Tamarins range from southern Central America through central South America, where they are found in northwestern Colombia, the Amazon Basin, and the Guianas.

Description

Different tamarin species vary considerably in appearance, ranging from nearly all black through mixtures of black, brown and white. Mustache-like facial hairs are typical for many species. Their body size ranges from 13 to 30 cm (plus a 25 to 44 cm long tail) and they weigh from 220 to 900 grams. Tamarins differ from marmosets primarily in having lower canine teeth that are clearly longer than the incisors. In captivity, tamarins can live for up to 18 years.

Behavior and reproduction

Tamarins are inhabitants of tropical rainforests and open forest areas. They are diurnal and arboreal, and run and jump quickly through the trees. Tamarins live together in groups of up to 40 members consisting of one or more families. More frequently, though, groups are composed of just three to nine members.

Tamarins are omnivores, eating fruits and other plant parts as well as spiders, insects, small vertebrates and bird eggs.

Gestation is typically 140 days, and births are normally twins. The adult males, subadults, and juveniles in the group assist with caring for the young, bringing them to their mother to nurse. After approximately one month the young begin to eat solid food, although they aren't fully weaned for another two to three months. They reach full maturity in their second year. Tamarins are almost exclusively polyandrous.

Classification

  • Genus Saguinus
    • S. midas group
    • S. nigricollis group
      • Black-mantled tamarin, Saguinus nigricollis
        • Spix's black-mantled tamarin, Saguinus nigricollis nigricollis
        • Hernandez-Camacho's black-mantled tamarin Saguinus nigricollis hernandezi
      • Graells's tamarin, Saguinus graellsi
      • Brown-mantled tamarin or saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis
        • Spix's saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis fuscicollis
        • Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis nigrifrons
        • Illiger's saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis illigeri
        • Andean saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis leucogenys
        • Red-mantle saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis lagonotus
        • Saguinus fuscicollis fuscus
        • Avila Pires' saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis avilapiresi
        • Weddell's saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli
        • Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis cruzlimai
        • Saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis primitivus
        • Mura's saddle-back tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis mura
      • White-mantled tamarin, Saguinus melanoleucus
      • Golden-mantled tamarin, Saguinus tripartitus
    • S. mystax group
    • S. bicolor group
      • Pied tamarin, Saguinus bicolor
      • Martins's tamarin, Saguinus martinsi
        • Martin's bare-face tamarin, Saguinus martinsi martinsi
        • Ochraceus bare-face tamarin, Saguinus martinsi ochraceus
    • S. oedipus group
    • S. inustus group

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Gregorin, R.; De Vivo, M. 2013: Revalidation of Saguinus ursula Hoffmannsegg (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae). Zootaxa, 3721(2): 172-182. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3721.2.4

External links

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