Noncommutative topology

In mathematics, noncommutative topology is a term used for the relationship between topological and C*-algebraic concepts. The term has its origins in the Gelfand-Naimark theorem, which implies the duality of the category of locally compact Hausdorff spaces and the category of commutative C*-algebras. Noncommutative topology is related to analytic noncommutative geometry.

Examples

The premise behind noncommutative topology is that a noncommutative C*-algebra can be treated like the algebra of complex-valued continuous functions on a 'noncommutative space' which does not exist classically. Several topological properties can be formulated as properties for the C*-algebras without making reference to commutativity or the underlying space, and so have an immediate generalization. Among these are:

• compactness (unital)
• σ-compactness (σ-unital)
• dimension (real or stable rank)
• connectedness (projectionless)
• Extremally disconnected spaces (AW*-algebras)

In addition, certain types of continuous functions correspond with elements of C*-algebras. For example,

• Real-valued continuous functions (self-adjoint elements)
• indicator functions of clopen sets (projections)

There are certain examples of properties where multiple generalizations are possible and it is not clear which is preferable. For example, probability measures can correspond either to states or tracial states. Since all states are vacuously tracial states in the noncommutative case, so it is not clear whether the tracial condition is necessary to be a useful generalization.

K-theory

One of the major examples of this idea is the generalization of topological K-theory to noncommutative C*-algebras in the form of operator K-theory.

A further development in this is a bivariant version of K-theory called KK-theory, which has a composition product

$KK(A,B)\times KK(B,C)\rightarrow KK(A,C)$

of which the ring structure in ordinary K-theory is a special case. The product gives the structure of a category to KK. It has been related to correspondences of algebraic varieties.