Neil Harbisson

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Neil Harbisson
Neil Harbisson cyborgist.jpg
Born (1982-07-27) 27 July 1982 (age 42)[1]
United Kingdom
Nationality
  • United Kingdom[2]
  • Ireland[3]
Education
Known for
Notable work
  • Sound Portraits, Colour Concerts, Colour Scores, Capital Colours.
Movement Cyborg art
Awards
  • 2016  Tribeca X Award[5]
    Tribeca Film Festival, New York
  • 2015  Futurum Award[6]
    Futurum, Monaco
  • 2014  Bram Stoker Gold Medal[7]
    Trinity College, Dublin
  • 2013  Focus Forward Grand Jury Award[8]
    Sundance Film Festival, USA
  • 2010  Cre@tic Award 2010[9]
    Tecnocampus Mataro
  • 2009  Phonos Music Grant[10]
    IUA Phonos, Spain
  • 2005  Best Performing Story[11]
    ResearchTV, UK
  • 2004  Innovation Award 2004
    Submerge (Bristol, UK)
  • 2004  Europrix Multimedia Award[12]
    Vienna, Austria
  • 2001 & 2010  Stage Creation Award[13]
    IMAC Mataro, Spain
Website Harbisson.com

Neil Harbisson (born 27 July 1982) is a Catalan-raised, British-born[14] avant-garde artist and cyborg activist based in New York.[15] He is best known for being the first person in the world with an antenna implanted in his skull[16] and for being officially recognized as a cyborg by a government.[citation needed][17] His antenna uses audible vibrations in his skull to report information to him. This includes measurements of electromagnetic radiation, phone calls, music, as well as video or images which are translated into sound.[18] His wifi enabled antenna also allows him to receive signals and data from satellites.[19]

Since 2004, international media has described him as the world's first cyborg[20] or the world's first cyborg artist,[21] for expressing himself artistically through a new sense created by the permanent union between cybernetics and his brain. In 2010, he co-founded the Cyborg Foundation, an international organisation that defends cyborg rights, promotes cyborgism as an art movement and supports people who want to become cyborgs.[22]In 2015 he co-founded Cyborg Nest, a company that creates artificial senses to extend the perception of reality.[23]

Early life and career

Harbisson is the son of a Catalan mother and an Irish father. He was born with achromatopsia, an extreme form of colour blindness, that allows him to see in grayscale. He grew up in Mataró in Catalonia, Spain, where he studied music and art[24] at various schools.[25] He began to compose piano pieces at the age of 11[26] and, at 16, began studying fine art at the Institut Alexandre Satorras, where he was given special permission to use no colour in his work. His early works are all in black and white[27] and these were the only colours he used to wear.[28]

At the age of 18, Harbisson climbed a tree in Mataró to save three trees from being felled.[29] He lived in the tree for several days,[30] supported by over 3,000 people who signed a petition to maintain the trees.[31] After days of protest, the city hall announced the trees would not be cut.[32]

In 2001, Harbisson moved to Ireland to finish his piano studies at Dublin's Waltons New School of Music. In 2002, he moved to England to study music composition at Dartington College of Arts.[33]

Cyborg life

Cyborg Antenna

Harbisson's antenna, which has been permanently attached to his head since 2004, is osseointegrated inside his skull and sprouts from within his occipital bone. It allows him to hear the light frequencies of the spectrum including invisible colours such as infrareds and ultra violets. Internal internet connection also allows him to receive colours from satellites and other people's cameras, as well as receive phone calls directly into his skull. The antenna consists of 4 different implants: two antenna implants, one vibration/sound implant, and a Bluetooth implant that allows him to connect to the internet.[21] There are currently 5 people in the world, one in each continent, allowed to send him images, sounds or videos.[34] The first person to call his head was British American comedian Ruby Wax.[35] The first public demonstration of a skull transmitted image was broadcast live to thousands of viewers watching Al Jazeera's chat show The Stream. The image, a selfie sent from New York by US model Isaac Dean Weber, was received and identified by Harbisson as a face.[36]

The creation of the antenna began in October 2003 at Dartington College of Arts when Harbisson attended a talk related to cybernetics given by Adam Montandon, a Plymouth University student.[18][37] At the end of the talk, Neil suggested they start a project together.[38] This became a project to develop a sensor that transposed colour frequencies into sound frequencies. [39] Neil memorised the sound of each colour and decided to permanently attach the sensor to his head. In 2004, the project won a Europrix Award (Vienna) and an Innovation Award (Submerge, Bristol). Peter Kese, a software developer from Kranj, upgraded Harbisson’s sensor to 360 different microtones and added different volume levels depending on colour saturation levels[40] and Matias Lizana, from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, developed the sensor's software into a smaller chip. [41] The antenna implant, which was rejected by a bioethical committee, was first implanted and then osseointegrated by anonymous doctors.[42]

In May 2011 the antenna was damaged by police who believed that Harbisson had been filming them during a demonstration in Plaça de Catalunya, Barcelona.[43][44] Harbisson filed a complaint as physical aggression, as he considers the antenna to be a body part.[45]

Cyborg passport

In 2004, Harbisson was not allowed to renew his UK passport because his passport photo was rejected. The UK Passport Office would not allow Harbisson to appear with electronic equipment on his head. Harbisson wrote back insisting that the antenna should be considered part of his body as he had become a cyborg. Letters from his doctor, friends and his college were sent to the passport office to give him support. After weeks of correspondence Harbisson's antenna was included.[46] Harbisson states that he became a cyborg when the union between his organism and his antenna created a new sense.[47]

Public awareness

File:Neil Harbisson at the Science Museum (London).jpg
Neil Harbisson giving a talk at the Science Museum, London (2015)

Harbisson has contributed significantly to the public awareness of colour and cyborgs by giving regular public lectures at universities, conferences and LAN parties sometimes to an audience of thousands.[48] He has taken part in science, music, fashion and art festivals such as the British Science Festival,[49] TEDGlobal,[50] London Fashion Week,[51] Sónar,[52] and NeoTokyo Festival[53] among others.[54] He became a trending topic on Twitter[55] on 21 July 2011,[56] 27 May 2014,[57] and on 21 March 2015.[58]

He has appeared on various television documentaries such as Daily Planet by Discovery Channel,[59] Explorations, Repor, Documentos TV,[60] Redes; and in specific documentaries about his life such as Sentir Colors, La importància dels colors, El Ciborg dels Colors as well as on a number of chat shows including NBC's Last Call with Carson Daly,[61] Richard & Judy, Buenafuente,[62] Els Matins, Fantástico[63] and on the Belgian comedy panel game quiz show Scheire en de Schepping. He has taken part in radio programmes on New York's Public Radio International,[64] BBC World Service,[65] Cadena SER,[66] Radio Netherlands Worldwide,[67] and has appeared in newspapers and magazines such as The New York Times,[68] The New Scientist,[69] Wired,[70] The Scientist,[71]The Red Bulletin,[72] Modern Painters,[40] ¡Hola!,[73] and Muy Interesante.[74]

In 2013, Cyborg Foundation, a short documentary film about Neil Harbisson and the Cyborg Foundation won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival's Focus Forward Filmmakers Competition.[75] Since 2014, The Sound of Colours, a short film about Harbisson's life is being filmed.[76] In 2015, Hearing Colors, a black and white documentary about Harbisson in New York was chosen as a Vimeo "Staff Pick".

Works

Harbisson's art work has been ranked together with the works of Yoko Ono and Marina Abramovic as one of the 10 most shocking art performances ever.[77] His work is focused on the creation of art through new senses created by the union between technology and the human body.[78] His main works have been exhibited during the 54th Venice Biennale[79] at Palazzo Foscari (Giudecca 795),[80] Savina Museum of Contemporary Art (Seoul, South Korea),[81] Museumsquartier (Vienna, Austria), CCCB (Barcelona, Spain),[82] Bankside Gallery (London, UK), Pioneer Works (New York, USA),[83] Royal College of Art Gallery (London, UK), Centre d'Art Santa Mònica (Barcelona),[84] Can Manyé (Alella, Spain),[85] Galeria Tramart (Barcelona, Spain),[86] Pollock Gallery (Dallas, Texas, USA),[87] and at the American Visionary Art Museum (Baltimore, USA),[88] among others.

Music

File:Color Concert by Neil Harbisson.jpg
300x300px

Colour Concerts: Harbisson's first performance as a cyborg was Piano Concerto No. 1, in which he painted a Steinway & Sons grand piano with different color paints and used his antenna to play the frequencies of the colours. With his next composition, the Pianoborg Concerto, the piano was 'prepared', by attaching a computer to the underside, an antenna being positioned above the keys. When a colour was shown to the antenna, the computer picked up the frequency and relayed this to the piano, which then played the corresponding note. Neil said 'The piano is playing the pianist'.[90]

Sound Portraits: Portraits of people that Harbisson creates by listening to the colours of faces. Each face creates a different micro tone chord depending on its colours. To create a sound portrait he stands in front of the person and points his antenna at different parts of the face, he then writes down the different notes he hears on a piece of paper from which he later creates a sound file. Since 2004, he has created live sound portraits of, among others, Prince Charles, Woody Allen,[91] Antoni Tàpies, Leonardo DiCaprio, Dame Judi Dench, Moby, James Cameron, Peter Brook, Al Gore, Sir Tim Berners-Lee, Macy Gray, Gael García Bernal,[92] Alfonso Cuarón, Ryoji Ikeda, Gabriel Byrne,[93] Steve Reich,[94] Nicole Kidman, Dame Evelyn Glennie,[95] Steve Wozniak,[96] Tracey Emin and Giorgio Moroder.[97]

Art

File:Neil Harbisson Exhibition.jpg
280x280px

The Human Colour Wheel: A color wheel based on the hue and light that Harbisson detected on human skins from 2004 to 2009.[47] Harbisson states that humans are not black or white, humans are orange. Human skins range from very light to very dark shades of orange-red to orange-yellow.[98]

City Colours: In 2007, Harbisson hitch-hiked around Europe to find the main colours of capital cities,[99] visiting more than 50 countries.[100] He scanned each capital until he was able represent each city with two dominant hues.[101] In Monaco, it was azure and salmon pink; in Bratislava it was yellow and turquoise; and in Andorra it was dark green and fuchsia.[102] Under the title Capital Colors of Europe Harbisson has exhibited the colours of each capital in several European galleries[103] including Spain, Andorra, UK, and Croatia.[104]

Colour Scores: Hearing colour also means that everyday sounds, such as voices or music, become associated with colours too.[105] Colour Scores are a series of paintings where Harbisson paints what he hears, from music to speeches.[106]

Collaborations

Harbisson is in the cast of Adam Green's Aladdin, an upcoming independent film directed by Adam Green and starred by Macaulay Culkin, Natasha Lyonne, Alia Shawkat and Francesco Clemente among others.

Harbisson has collaborated extensively with Catalan choreographer Moon Ribas in a series of devised theatre and dance performances such as Opus No.1, premiered at London's BAC Theatre, The Sound of the Orange Tree,[107] premiered at Barcelona's Antic Teatre[108] and Walking Colours.[109]

Harbisson's first colour-to-voice performances were in collaboration with Icelandic musician María Huld Markan Sigfúsdóttir. In their performances, María used a computer to hear and sing the colour frequencies that Harbisson used while creating live paintings on stage.[110]

Harbisson has collaborated and performed with Catalan musician Pau Riba with whom he shares the same interest in cyborgs.[111] They first performed at Sala Luz de Gas (Barcelona), followed by other performances.[112][113] One of their projects is "Avigram", a structure of 12 strings, one string for each semitone in an octave, installed on a roof of a farm. The installation is being recorded 24 hours a day and a melody is being created depending on which strings birds decide to rest on.[114]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Registre El Maresme Issue 224, Summer 1982.
  2. ↑ Neil's the first UK cyborg – official. It says so on his passport, Totnes Times, 1 December 2004.
  3. ↑ Colourblind artist wants cyborg eye in his Irish passport, Belfast Telegraph, 15 May 2012.
  4. ↑ "I listen to color", CNN, 10 September 2012
  5. ↑ Éditorial "Hearing Colors wins Tribeca Film Festival award", Adweek, 21 April 2016
  6. ↑ Éditorial "Un award pour l'artiste à l'antenne greffée sur la tête", Monaco-Matin, 4 November 2015
  7. ↑ Fionn McGorry "Human cyborg visits TCD", Trinity News, 11 October 2014
  8. ↑ Geli, Carles "Un documental catalán, premiado en Sundance", El País, 27 January 2013.
  9. ↑ Martinez, Lluis "La Fundació Cyborg s'endú el primer premi dels Cre@tic", El Punt, 20 November 2010.
  10. ↑ Becas Phonos IUA (Institut Universitari d'Audiovisuals), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [1]
  11. ↑ "Cyborgs and Stem Cells triumph in research movie oscars", AIB News Archive, 26 April 2006
  12. ↑ "Europrix Multimedia Awards 2004"
  13. ↑ "Temporada del Monumental", Capgròs, 27 August 2010.
  14. ↑ As told to Sally Davies, FT Magazine I'm a human cyborg – I can hear colour, First Person: Neil Harbisson I was born in Belfast but grew up in Catalonia., 17 August 2012.
  15. ↑ Rawle, Tom "EXCLUSIVE: Human cyborg who hears colour is using antenna to 'see' space", Daily Star, 24 April 2015
  16. ↑ Wade, Greg. "Seeing things in a different light", BBC, 19 January 2005.
  17. ↑ Brooks, Richard. "Colour-blind artist learns to paint by hearing", The Sunday Times, 24 February 2008.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Jeffries, Stuart "World's first cyborg artist", The Guardian, 6 May 2014
  19. ↑ Rawle, Tom "EXCLUSIVE: Human cyborg who HEARS colour is using antenna to 'see' SPACE", Daily Star, 24 April 2015
  20. ↑ Radnedge, Aidan. "World's first cyborg", Metro, 2 December 2004.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Jeffries, Stuart "Neil Harbisson, the world's first cyborg artist", The Guardian, 5 May 2014
  22. ↑ García, F.C. "Nace una fundación dedicada a convertir humanos en ciborgs", La Vanguardia, 1 March 2011.
  23. ↑ Minor, Jordan "North Sense implant turns you into a human compass", Geek, 27 May 2016.
  24. ↑ FC "Més de 4000 espectadors ja han vist els Pastorets que acaben diumenge" Capgros 12–19 February 1999
  25. ↑ JV "Alumnes del Campeny representen Terra Baixa" Crònica de Mataró 16 May 1998
  26. ↑ Mas, Pere. "Neil Harbisson, ciborg de colors", Catalunya Ràdio, 25 August 2009
  27. ↑ Brennan, Ciarán. "When what you see is not in colour", The Irish Times, 5 May 2008.
  28. ↑ Bryony Gordon. "From black and white to colour . . . eyes opened to sound of socks", The Independent, 13 January 2005.
  29. ↑ Ferran, Helena. "Un «cyborg» català al Regne Unit", El Punt, 5 December 2004.
  30. ↑ de la Fuente, Antonia. "Barones rampantes de Mataró se instalan en árboles para impedir que los corten", La Vanguardia, 27 May 2001.
  31. ↑ "Penjats pels arbres" Front page of El Punt 26 May 2001
  32. ↑ Ferran, Helena. "Famós a Mataró per <<salvar>> arbres", El Punt, 5 December 2004.
  33. ↑ Martinez Arias, Alberto. "Primer ciborg del mundo reconocido por un gobierno", Puntos de Vista,Radio Exterior de España, 23 January 2012.
  34. ↑ Williams, Alison "Cyborg Series #1", Not Impossible Now, 29 October 2014
  35. ↑ [Shin, Nara "Cool Hunting: Neil Harbisson", Coolhunting, 5 May 2014
  36. ↑ The Stream"The World's First Cyborg", Al Jazeera, 27 November 2014.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Nadotti, Cristina. "Daltonici, mondo a colori con l'aiuto di "Eye-borg"", La Repubblica, 31 May 2005.
  39. ↑ Alfredo M. Ronchi: Eculture: Cultural Content in the Digital Age. Springer (New York, 2009). p.319 ISBN 978-3-540-75273-8
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Harbisson, Neil. "Painting by ear" Modern Painters, The International Contemporary Art Magazine pp.70–73. New York, June 2008.
  41. ↑ Sanchis, Ima. "La veo en blanco y negro pero la oigo en colores", La Contra de La Vanguardia, 10 July 2010.
  42. ↑ Millás, Juan José. "El Cyborg del Tercer Ojo", El País, 15 January 2012.
  43. ↑ BBC News – The man who hears colour
  44. ↑ Twitter / @NeilHarbisson: Eyeborg broken by police a …
  45. ↑ Twitter / @NeilHarbisson: Secret police have just br …
  46. ↑ Miah, Andy / Rich, Emma. The medicalization of cyberspace, Routledge (New York, 2008). p.130 ISBN 978-0-415-37622-8
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Serra, Laura "No som blancs ni negres, tots som taronges" Ara, 19 January 2011.
  48. ↑ Redaccion "7,000 geeks se despiden y superan un reto tecnologico", El Economista, 24 July 2011.
  49. ↑ Pearce, Marcus "The vision thing: Art and illusion", The Guardian, 22 September 2008.
  50. ↑ "I listen to color", TED Global, 27 June 2012.
  51. ↑ "London Fashion Week Talks", The Galleon, October 2014
  52. ↑ "Apps que marcan tendencia mañana en el Sónar", Euroxpress, 12 June 2012
  53. ↑ Europa Press "La música electrónica se cuela entre el arte moderno", El Mundo, 11 September 2011.
  54. ↑ Redaccion "A historia do mozo que escoita as cores, no ALT", Galicia Hoxe, 12 March 2011.
  55. ↑ Trending Topic Twitter
  56. ↑ Redacción "Harbisson: el joven que escucha colores", El Economista, 21 July 2011.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ "Art and Science", Daily Planet, Discovery Channel, 2 April 2009
  60. ↑ "Ciborgs buy humanos", Documentos TV, Televisión Española, 12 June 2012
  61. ↑ NBC, "Last Call with Carson Daly", 29 September 2014
  62. ↑ Buenafuente, Andreu "La vida en blanco y negro", Buenafuente, La Sexta, 27 May 2010
  63. ↑ "Homem identifica cores através dos sons", Fantástico, Rede Globo, 5 February 2012
  64. ↑ Molinsky, Eric "Neil Harbisson, cyborg", Studio 360, WNYC, 4 November 2011
  65. ↑ Bannister, Matthew "The Man who hears color, Outlook, BBC World Service, 23 January 2012
  66. ↑ Beltran, P."Mamá quiero ser artista y ciborg", Cadena Ser, 16 January 2012.
  67. ↑ Earth Beat "Colours", Radio Netherlands Worldwide, 26 August 2011.
  68. ↑ Lee, Jennifer "A Surgical Implant for Seeing Colors Through Sound", The New York Times, 2 July 2012
  69. ↑ Else, Liz "Cyborg makes art using seventh sense", The New Scientist, 29 June 2012
  70. ↑ Finn, Christine "Cyborg enables color blind artist to hear his palette", Wired, 24 February 2008
  71. ↑ Akst, Jef "The Sound of Color", The Scientist, May 2012
  72. ↑ Rottenschlager, Andreas "The Sound of the Cyborg", The Red Bulletin, 22 February 2011.
  73. ↑ Redaccion "El primer cyborg del mundo", ¡Hola!, 17 February 2012
  74. ↑ Redaccion "Los colores tambien se escuchan", Muy Interesante, 31 January 2012
  75. ↑ Pond, Steve "Cyborg Foundation" wins $100K Focus Forward prize, Chicago Tribune, 22 January 2013
  76. ↑ Sastre, Cristina "El Sonido de los Colores", El Mundo, 17 January 2014
  77. ↑ Jones, Jonathan. "The 10 most shocking performance artworks ever", "The Guardian", 11 November 2013
  78. ↑ Editorial Board. "El Artista que escucha los Colores" BBC Mundo 27 May 2010
  79. ↑ Editorial Board "Eyeborg" Venice Connected June 2011
  80. ↑ Giorcelli, Rosalba. [2] Style.com (Italy), 16 June 2011.
  81. ↑ "Color Study", Art Korea TV, 4 August 2015
  82. ↑ Farré, Natàlia "Viviremos en otro planeta?, El Periodico, 7 October 2015
  83. ↑ "Neil Harbisson: Cyborg Artist at the Creative Frontier", Master Dynamic, 18 September 2014
  84. ↑ Frisach, Montse "La Música del Món" Avui 30 April 2012
  85. ↑ Pedrico, Marta "Poner color al sonido..." La Vanguardia 7 October 2011.
  86. ↑ Bosco, Roberta. "El Pintor que oye colores" El País 18 May 2005.
  87. ↑ Escobedo, Lee. "From A-Z" Arts and Culture Texas Magazine October 2015.
  88. ↑ Scharper, Julie "AVAM's 'Human, Soul & Machine' explores technology's power", The Baltimore Sun, 6 October 2013
  89. ↑ Vodafone "First color conducted concert", Firsts, January 2014
  90. ↑ Woodcock, Jo. "Cyborg student, the first at Dartington", Life After Dartington, page 10, Issue 26, Summer 2005.
  91. ↑ Bergós, Mónica "El primer 'cyborg'", El Correo, 15 May 2010.
  92. ↑ Pesantes, Karla "Todos deberiamos queres ser cyborgs" Vistazo 19 October 2011
  93. ↑ Davies, Sally "Encounters with the Posthuman",Nautilus, 29 April 2013
  94. ↑ https://twitter.com/NeilHarbisson/status/467333753581604864 "Neil Harbisson creating a sound portrait of Steve Reich in New York
  95. ↑ https://twitter.com/NeilHarbisson/status/241647295295283200 "Neil Harbisson creating a sound portrait of Evelyn Glennie"
  96. ↑ Bryant, Ross "People will start becoming technology says human cyborg" "Dezeen Magazine" 20 November 2013
  97. ↑ https://twitter.com/NeilHarbisson/status/459774110868852737/photo/1/large "Neil Harbisson creating a sound portrait of Giorgio Moroder
  98. ↑ Hadden, Gerry "Color-Blind Artist Neil Harbisson Uses Webcam-Like Eyeborg to ‘Hear’ Color", The World, Public Radio International, 28 February 2012.
  99. ↑ Marković, Stjepan. "Prvi sluzbeni covjek kiborg cuje trideset i sest boja" 24 sata pp.12–13, 17 December 2007
  100. ↑ Brooks, Richard. "Colour-blind artist learns to paint by hearing", The Sunday Times, 24 February 2008.
  101. ↑ Dee, Michael. "Neil Harbisson – en kunstnerisk kyborg", Kunst for alle, p.32-35 Issue 3, 2009.
  102. ↑ Bojka "Katalonci "čudnim zvukovima" odredili boju Zagreba" Lupiga, 29 November 2007.
  103. ↑ Marković, Stjepan. "Kiborg iz Engleske u Zagrebu 'slusao' boje" 24 sata Promotivni Primjerak Front Page, 17 December 2007
  104. ↑ "Zivi sa zicama na vrhu glave" 24 sata Front Page, 17 December 2007
  105. ↑ Pearce, Marcus. "The vision thing: Art and illusion", The Guardian, 22 September 2008.
  106. ↑ Jarque, Miquel "L'art de pintar els sons", Catalunya Ràdio, 8 May 2010.
  107. ↑ Blanch, Anna "El món sonocromàtic d'‘El so del taronger' arriba a Mataró", El Punt, 17 December 2010.
  108. ↑ Serra, Laura "No hi ha blancs ni negres, tots som taronges", Diari Ara, 19 January 2011
  109. ↑ "Laboratori de creació: una cançó, un intèrpret, una dansa", Televisió de Catalunya, 29 April 2012.
  110. ↑ "Carne Cruda","Radio Nacional de España", 2 June 2010.
  111. ↑ Putx, Donat. "Mi madre es un cyborg", La Vanguardia, 28 January 2009.
  112. ↑ Tramullas, Gemma. "Pau Riba invita a disfrutar de un orgasmo folclórico", El Periódico, 27 September 2009.
  113. ↑ Bueno, Vern "Una performance porta 99 nous el dia 9 del 9, de 9 del matí a 9 de la nit", Capgròs, 8 September 2009.
  114. ↑ "Tres artistes locals i Pau Riba creen una instal·lació a les Cinc Sènies", Capgròs, 22 Abril 2010.

External links

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