List of retired South Pacific tropical cyclone names
Tropical cyclones are non-frontal, low pressure systems that develop, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft.[1] Within the South Pacific, names are assigned from a pre-determined list, to such systems, once they reach or exceed ten–minute sustained wind speeds of 65 km/h (40 mph), near the center, by either the Fiji Meteorological Service or New Zealand's MetService.[1] Within the South Pacific, tropical cyclones have been officially named since the 1964–65 South Pacific cyclone season, though a few meteorological papers show that a few tropical cyclones were named before 1964–65.[2][3][4] The names of significant tropical cyclones that have caused a high amount of damage and/or caused a significant amount of deaths are retired from the lists of tropical cyclone names by the World Meteorological Organization's RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee at their bi-annual meeting.[1]
Within the South Pacific, there have been a total of 103 tropical cyclone names retired, with the 1990s having the most retired tropical cyclone names. The most intense tropical cyclone to have its name retired was Severe Tropical Cyclone Zoe, which had an estimated peak pressure of 890 mbar (26 inHg). The deadliest tropical cyclone to have its name retired was Severe Tropical Cyclone Namu, which caused over 100 deaths, when it affected the Solomon Islands in May 1986. The most damaging system was Severe Tropical Cyclone Val which caused over US$330 million in damage to seven different countries during December 1991.
Contents
Background
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Within the region the credit for the first usage of personal names for weather systems, is generally given to the Queensland Government Meteorologist Clement Wragge, who named systems between 1887 – 1907.[5] Wragge used names drawn from the letters of the Greek alphabet, Greek and Roman mythology and female names, to describe weather systems over Australia, New Zealand and the Antarctic.[5] After the new Australian government had failed to create a federal weather bureau and appoint him director, Wragge started naming cyclones after political figures.[6] This system of naming weather systems subsequently fell into disuse for several years after Wragge retired, until it was revived in the region, by the New Caledonia Meteorological Office during the 1958–59 cyclone season.[5][7] During the 1963–64 cyclone season the Australian Bureau of Meteorology started to use female names for tropical cyclones that occurred within the Australian region, before the New Zealand Meteorological Service's Fiji office also started using female names for tropical cyclones within the South Pacific during the 1969–70 cyclone season.[5][7] During the International Women's Year of 1975 the NZMS decided to incorporate male names into the naming lists for the South Pacific, following a request from the Fiji National Council of Women who considered the practice discrimination.[5] At around the same time the Australian Science Minister ordered that tropical cyclones, within the Australian region should carry both men's and women's names.[5] This was because the minister thought "that both sexes should bear the odium of the devastation caused by cyclones."[5] As a result, male names were added to the lists of names for both basins, ahead of the 1975–76 season.[5][8]
Later that decade as the dual sex naming of tropical cyclones started in the Northern Hemisphere, the NZMS looked at adding ethnic Pacific names to the naming lists rather than the European names that were currently used.[5] As a result of the many languages and cultures in the Pacific there was a lot of discussion surrounding this matter, with one name "Oni" being dropped as it meant the end of the world in one language.[5] One proposal suggested that cyclones be named from the country nearest to which they formed, however, this was dropped when it was realized that a cyclone might be less destructive in its formative stage than later in its development.[5] Eventually it was decided to throw names from all over the South Pacific into a pot at a training course, where each course member provided a list of names that were short, easily pronounced, culturally acceptable throughout the Pacific and did not contain any idiosyncrasies.[5] These names were then collated, edited for suitability before being cross checked with the group for acceptability.[5] It was intended that the four lists of names should be alphabetical with alternative male and female names while using only ethnic names, however it was not possible to complete the lists using only ethnic names so some European names were added in.[5] As a result, there was a scattering of European names in the final naming lists, which have been used by the Fiji Meteorological Service and NZMS since the 1980–81 season.[5]
The practice of retiring significant names was started during 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau in the Northern Atlantic basin, after hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the Northeastern United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year.[9] Initially the names were only designed to be retired for ten years after which they might be reintroduced, however, it was decided at the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference, that any significant hurricane in the future would have its name permanently retired.[9][10] The first tropical cyclone name to be removed in the South Pacific, was Rosie after it had impacted Vanuatu and New Caledonia during 1971.[1] Several names have been removed from the Pacific naming lists for various other reasons than causing a significant amount of death/destruction, which include being pronounced in a very similar way to other names and political reasons.[11][12]
Tropical cyclone names retired in the 1970s
During the 1970s, nineteen tropical cyclone names were retired from the list of names, with the 1971–72 season having the most amount of retired tropical cyclone names. Severe Tropical Cyclone Carlotta, was the most intense tropical cyclone, during the decade with an estimated peak pressure of 940 hPa (28 inHg).
Name | Dates active | Peak classification | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rosie | December 30, 1970 – January 4, 1971 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia | Minor | [13] | |
Vivienne | December 17 – 19, 1971 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | French Polynesia | |||
Carlotta | January 8 – 26, 1972 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia | Unknown | 4 | [13][14] |
Wendy | January 23 – February 9, 1972 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia | 4 | [13][15] | |
Agatha | March 27 – 29, 1972 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Cook Islands | |||
Bebe | October 19 – 28, 1972 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Kiribati, Tuvalu, Fiji | $20 million | 24 | [16][17] |
Lottie | December 5 – 12, 1973 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | Moderate | 80 | [18][19] |
Tina | April 24 – 28, 1974 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | Minor | [19] | |
Alison | March 4 – 12, 1975 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia New Zealand |
$1 million | [20] | |
Elsa | January 21 – 26, 1976 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia | None | [13] | |
Marion | January 12 – 21, 1977 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Vanuatu | |||
Robert | April 16 – 22, 1977 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | French Polynesia | |||
Bob | January 31 – February 12, 1978 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia Fiji, New Zealand |
Moderate | 1 | [21] |
Charles | February 14 – 28, 1978 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Samoan Islands | |||
Diana | February 15 – 22, 1978 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | French Polynesia | |||
Fay | December 27 – 31, 1978 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Fiji | Moderate | [21] | |
Gordon | January 4 – 12, 1979 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Australia | Severe | [13] | |
Kerry | February 13 - March 6, 1979 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Australia | 4 | [14] | |
Meli | March 24 – 31, 1979 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Fiji | Severe | 53 | [21] |
19 names | [nb 1][nb 2] |
Tropical cyclone names retired in the 1980s
During the 1980s twenty-one tropical cyclone names were retired from the naming lists, with both the 1986–87 and 1982–83 season having the most amount of retired tropical cyclone names. The most intense tropical cyclone during the decade was Severe Tropical Cyclone Oscar which had an estimated peak pressure of Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value)..
Name | Dates active | Peak classification | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wally | April 2 – 7, 1980 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.25 inHg) | Fiji | $2.26 million | 18 | [15][21] |
Cliff | February 8 – 15, 1981 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia Australia |
|||
Tahmar | March 8 – 13, 1981 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | French Polynesia | |||
Gyan | December 18 – 29, 1981 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Vanuatu | |||
Isaac | February 27 – March 5, 1982 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Tonga | 10 million | 6 | [24][25] |
Joti | October 31 – November 7, 1982 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Vanuatu | |||
Lisa | December 10 – 18, 1982 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Cook Islands | |||
Mark | January 21 – February 1, 1983 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h 90 mph | 955 hPa 28.20 inHg | Fiji | |||
Oscar | February 26 – March 6, 1983 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Fiji | $130 million | 9 | [21][26] |
Veena | April 8 – 14, 1983 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | French Polynesia | |||
Eric | January 12 – 20, 1985 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Vanautu, Fiji | $40 million | 9 | [21][27] |
Nigel | January 14 – 20, 1985 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Vanautu, Fiji | |||
Ima | February 5 – 16, 1986 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Cook Islands | |||
Namu | May 16 – 22, 1986 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Solomon Islands | $10 million | 111 | [28] |
Raja | December 21, 1986 – January 5, 1987 |
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Wallis and Futuna, Fiji | $14 million | 2 | [27][29] |
Sally | December 26, 1986 – January 5, 1987 |
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Cook Islands, Austral Islands | $24.6 million | [30] | |
Tusi | January 13 – 21, 1987 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | American Samoa | $24 million | None | [31] |
Uma | February 4 – 8, 1987 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Vanuatu | $150 million | 50 | [4][32] |
Anne | January 5 – 14, 1988 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia | $500 thousand | 2 | [33][34] |
Bola | February 24 – March 4, 1988 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Vanuatu, Fiji, New Zealand | $87 million | 3 | [33][35] |
Harry | February 8 – 19, 1989 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | New Caledonia | |||
Lili | April 7 – 11, 1989 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanautu New Caledonia |
|||
22 names | [nb 1][nb 2] |
Tropical cyclone names retired in the 1990s
During the 1990s twenty-six tropical cyclones names were retired from the naming lists, with the 1997–98 season having the most amount of retired tropical cyclone names. The most intense tropical cyclones during the decade were Severe Tropical Cyclones Ron and Susan which had an estimated peak pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg). Severe Tropical Cyclone Val was the most damaging system, which caused about 2008–09 season.
250 million (1992 USD) in damage to four different countries during December 1991. The deadliest tropical cyclone was Severe Tropical Cyclone Martin which caused 28 deaths when it affected the Cook Islands in October and November 1997. Despite being retired the name Joni, was later reused during theName | Dates active | Peak classification | Winds | Pressure | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ofa | January 27 – February 10, 1990 |
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Tuvalu, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands, Niue, Tonga | $187 million | 8 | [15][36] [37] |
Peni | February 12 – 18, 1990 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.65 inHg) | Cook Islands | |||
Sina | November 20 – December 4, 1990 |
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga, Niue, Cook Islands | $18.5 million | None | [38] |
Tia | November 13 – 21, 1991 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu | Minimal | None | [39] |
Val | December 4 – 17, 1991 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Tuvalu, Samoan Islands | $330 million | 16 | [40][41] |
Wasa | December 4 – 18, 1991 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | French Polynesia | $60 million | 2 | [40][42] |
Betsy | January 4 – 15, 1992 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Vanuatu | $2 million | 2 | [33][43] |
Esau | February 24 – March 7, 1992 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Vanuatu | Minimal | 1 | [34][44] |
Fran | March 4 – 17, 1992 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Wallis and Futuna, Fiji, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Eastern Australia | $1 million | ||
Joni | December 3 – 13, 1992 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Tuvalu, Fiji | $1.6 million | 1 | [45][46] |
Kina | December 26, 1992 – January 6, 1993 |
Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (95 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | $110 million | 26 | [24][45] |
Prema | March 26 – April 6, 1993 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia | $50 million | 1 | [33] |
Rewa | December 26, 1993 – January 23, 1994 |
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Eastern Australia | Unknown | 22 | |
William | December 30, 1994 – January 5, 1995 |
Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.80 inHg) | Cook Islands, French Polynesia | $2.5 million | None | [47] |
Beti | March 21 – 28, 1996 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Australia, Vanuatu New Caledonia, New Zealand |
$5.3 million | 2 | [33][48][49] |
Drena | January 3 – 10, 1997 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanautu, New Caledonia, New Zealand | [50] | ||
Gavin | March 3 – 12, 1997 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna, Fiji | $18.3 million | 18 | [45][50][51] |
Hina | March 13 – 18, 1997 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 975 hPa (28.80 inHg) | Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna, Fiji, Tonga | $15.2 million | 0 | [50][52] |
Keli | June 7 – 17, 1997 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (95 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Tuvulu, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga | $10 thousand | None | [53] |
Martin | October 27 – November 5, 1997 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Cook Islands, French Polynesia | $17.6 million | 28 | [54][55][56] |
Osea | November 24 – 28, 1997 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (95 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Cook Islands, French Polynesia | None | [54] | |
Ron | January 2 – 8, 1997 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (140 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Tokelau, Tonga, Niue | $566 thousand | None | [24][48][54] |
Susan | December 20, 1997 – January 9, 1998 |
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (140 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu Fiji |
Minor | 1 | [54] |
Tui | January 25 – 27, 1998 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.25 inHg) | Samoan Islands | $1 million | 1 | [48][54] |
Ursula | January 30 – February 1, 1998 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | French Polynesia | Minor | None | [54] |
Veli | February 1 – 3, 1998 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | French Polynesia | Minor | None | [54] |
Cora | December 23 – 28, 1998 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Tonga | $12 million | None | [24][57] |
Dani | January 15 – 22, 1999 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji | $2 million | 14 | [48][57][58] |
Frank | February 18 – 21, 1999 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (95 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | New Caledonia | [57] | ||
30 names | [nb 1][nb 2] |
Tropical cyclone names retired in the 2000s
During the 2000s, 20 names of significant tropical cyclones were retired from the tropical cyclone list of names. Four names were retired after both the 2002–03 and 2004–05 seasons while the 2009–10 season had five names retired. No names were retired from the naming lists, after the 2005–06 and 2008–09 seasons. During the decade, Severe Tropical Cyclone Zoe of 2002–03 became the most intense tropical cyclone to have its name retired having reached an estimated peak pressure of 890 hPa (26.28 inHg). The deadliest tropical cyclone to have its name retired during the decade was Severe Tropical Cyclone Ami which caused 14 deaths when it affected Fiji in January 2003, while the most damaging system was Severe Tropical Cyclone Heta which caused over US$225 million in damage to 7 different nations over the new year of 2003–04.
Name | Dates active | Peak classification | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim | February 23 – 29, 2000 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | French Polynesia | Minimal | None | [59][60] |
Paula | February 26 – March 4, 2001 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga | $1.39 million | 2 | [48][61] |
Sose | April 5 – 11, 2001 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Australia | 4 | [61] | |
Trina | November 29 – December 3, 2001 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Cook Islands | $52 thousand | None | [62][63] |
Waka | December 19, 2001 – January 2, 2002 |
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Wallis and Futuna, Tonga | $51.3 million | 1 | [24][48][62] |
Zoe | December 23, 2002 – January 1, 2003 |
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu | Severe | None | [64] |
Ami | January 9 – 15, 2003 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Tuvalu, Fiji, Tonga | $65 million | 14 | [48][64][65] |
Beni | January 25 – February 5, 2003 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Australia | $1 million | 1 | [48][64] |
Cilla | January 27 – 29, 2003 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Tonga | [64] | ||
Heta | December 25, 2003 – January 8, 2004 |
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Samoan Islands, Niue, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna | $225 million | 3 | [15][48][66][67] |
Ivy | February 21 – March 2, 2004 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Vanuatu | $8 million | 2 | [33][48][66][68] |
Meena | February 1 – 8, 2005 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Cook Islands | Severe | None | [69] |
Nancy | February 10 – 17, 2005 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Cook Islands | Severe | None | [69] |
Olaf | February 10 – 20, 2005 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (140 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Samoan islands, Cook Islands | $10.2 million | 9 | [15][70] |
Percy | February 24 – March 5, 2005 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 230 km/h (140 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Tokelau, Samoan islands, Cook Islands | $52 thousand | [69][70] | |
Cliff | April 1 – 6, 2007 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa 28.94 inHg | Fiji, Tonga | $4 million | 1 | [71] |
Daman | December 2 – 10, 2008 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | $330 thousand | None | [71] |
Funa | January 14 – 21, 2008 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Vanuatu | Severe | None | [71] |
Gene | January 25 – February 9, 2008 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Fiji | $35 million | 8 | [71][72] |
Mick | December 3 – 15, 2009 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Fiji | $33 million | 3 | [73][74] |
20 names | [nb 1][nb 2] |
Tropical cyclone names retired in the 2010s
During the 2010s 12 tropical cyclone names have been retired, because of impacts caused to either Australia or various South Pacific Island Nations including Fiji, Vanuatu and French Polynesia. The most intense tropical cyclones to have their names retired during the decade were Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi and Ului, which had estimated peak pressures of around Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). at their peak intensity. The deadliest tropical cyclone to have its name retired were Severe Tropical Cyclones Tomas and Wilma, which both caused three deaths. The most damaging system was Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi which caused over US$3 billion in damage to Vanuatu, Solomon Islands and Australia during January and February 2010.
Name | Dates active | Peak classification | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oli | January 29 – February 7, 2010 |
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Cook Islands, French Polynesia | $70 million | 1 | [15][75] |
Pat | February 6 – 11, 2010 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 960 hPa (28.32 inHg) | Cook Islands | $13.7 million | None | [76] |
Tomas | March 9 – 17, 2010 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Wallis and Futuna, Fiji | $45 million | 3 | [77] |
Ului | March 9 – 21, 2010 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Vanuatu, Solomon Islands Australia |
$72 million | 1 | [78] |
Vania | January 5 – 15, 2011 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Zealand | $11 million | None | [79] |
Wilma | January 19 – 28, 2011 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Samoan Islands, Tonga New Zealand |
$22 million | 3 | [80][81] |
Yasi | January 26 – February 7, 2011 |
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) | Vanuatu, Solomon Islands Australia |
$3.6 billion | ||
Atu | February 13 – 24, 2011 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) | New Caledonia, Vanuatu | |||
Evan | December 9 – 19, 2012 | Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) | Samoan Islands, Fiji Wallis and Futuna |
$161 million | 4 | [82] |
Freda | December 26, 2012 – January 4, 2013 |
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Caledonia | Unknown | 2 | [83] |
Ian | January 2 – 15 2014 | Category 5 severe tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Fiji, Tonga | $4.3 million | 1 | |
Lusi | March 7 –14, 2014 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, New Zealand | Unknown | 10 | [84] |
12 names | [nb 1] |
See also
- List of retired tropical cyclone names
- List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
- List of retired Pacific hurricane names
- List of retired Pacific typhoon names
- List of retired Australian cyclone names
Notes
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Cite error: Invalid <references>
tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.
<references />
, or <references group="..." />
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Cite error: Invalid <references>
tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.
<references />
, or <references group="..." />
External links
- World Meteorological Organization
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology
- Fiji Meteorological Service
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. – via New York Times (subscription required)
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. – via The Newspaper Archive (subscription required)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnaea404.pdf
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.6 48.7 48.8 48.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 54.5 54.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64BUTH?OpenDocument&rc=5&emid=ST-2001-0659-COK
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 70.0 70.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 71.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedSWFDDP
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ At least three dead as Tropical Cyclone Lusi intensifies (Australia Network News, March 12, 2014)
Cite error: <ref>
tags exist for a group named "nb", but no corresponding <references group="nb"/>
tag was found, or a closing </ref>
is missing