List of monarchs of the Netherlands

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search
Coat of arms of the Netherlands

This is a list of monarchs of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koningen der Nederlanden). By practical extension, the list includes the stadtholders of the House of Orange Nassau since 1556. However, they were voted into office by and were civil servants and generals of the semi-independent provinces of the Dutch Republic and cannot be seen as monarchs. From William IV they were the direct male line ancestors of later monarchs when the monarchy was established in 1813. First as a Sovereign Principality, but in 1815 as a Kingdom.

Dutch Republic (1581–1795)

The origin of the Dutch monarchy can be traced back to the appointment of William I, Prince of Orange as stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht in 1559 by Philip II of Spain. However, he was removed from office and became the leader of the Dutch Revolt. Consequently, the States-General appointed him as stadtholder of both rebelling provinces, Holland and Zeeland, in 1572. During the Dutch Revolt, most of the Dutch provinces declared their independence with the Act of Abjuration, signed on 26 July 1581 in The Hague in conformation with the decision made by the States-General. The representative function of the stadtholder became obsolete in the rebellious northern Netherlands – the feudal Lord himself having been abolished – but the office nevertheless continued in these provinces who now united themselves into the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. All stadtholders after William I were drawn from his descendants or the descendants of his brother, who were also the descendants of his granddaughter Albertina Agnes of Nassau-Orange.

In 1813, Allied forces drove out the French. The Dutch called back William Frederick, the son of the last stadtholder, to head the new government. He was proclaimed "sovereign prince". In 1815, he raised the Netherlands to the status of a kingdom and proclaimed himself King William I. The kingdom was enlarged with the Southern Netherlands, now Belgium and Luxembourg, soon after.

Stadtholderate under the House of Orange-Nassau

Name
 Lifespan
 Reign start
 Reign end
 Notes
 Family
 Image
William I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • the Silent
  • Willem I
 (1533-04-24)24 April 1533 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 26 July 1581 10 July 1584 Stadtholder[1] Orange-Nassau William, Prince of Orange
Maurice <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Maurits
 (1567-11-14)14 November 1567 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 1585 23 April 1625 Stadtholder,[2] son of William I Orange-Nassau
Frederick Henry <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Frederik Hendrik
 (1584-01-29)29 January 1584 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 23 April 1625 14 March 1647 Stadtholder,[3] son of William I Orange-Nassau
William II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem II
 (1626-05-27)27 May 1626 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 14 March 1647 6 November 1650 Stadtholder,[4] son of Frederick Henry Orange-Nassau
William III <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem III
 (1650-11-04)4 November 1650 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 4 July 1672 8 March 1702 Stadtholder,[5] son of William II also King of England, Scotland and Ireland Orange-Nassau
William IV <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem IV
 (1711-09-01)1 September 1711 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 1 September 1711 22 October 1751 First formally hereditary Stadtholder of the United Netherlands,[6] son of John William Friso Orange-Nassau
William V <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem V
 (1748-03-08)8 March 1748 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 22 October 1751 19 January 1795 Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Netherlands, son of William IV, deposed by the Batavian Revolution Orange-Nassau

When William III died childless, the patrilineal ancestry of Orange-Nassau became extinct. In contrast to other provinces of the Dutch Republic, Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe had mostly drawn its stadtholders from the House of Nassau, that starting with John VI, the brother of William of Orange, and comprises in addition a matrilineal ancestry with the house of Orange-Nassau.

Stadtholderate under the House of Nassau

Name
 Lifespan
 Reign start
 Reign end
 Notes
 Family
 Image
John VI <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • the Elder
  • Jan VI
 (1536-11-22)22 November 1536 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 1578 1581 Stadtholder,[7] brother of William I Nassau
William Louis <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Our Father
  • Willem Lodewijk
 (1560-03-13)13 March 1560 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 1584 1620 Stadtholder,[8] son of John VI Nassau
Ernest Casimir I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Ernst Casimir I
 (1573-12-22)22 December 1573 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 1620 1632 Stadtholder,[9] son of John VI Nassau
Henry Casimir I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Hendrik Casimir I
 (1612-01-21)21 January 1612 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 1632 1640 Stadtholder,[10] son of Ernest Casimir I Nassau
William Frederick <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem Frederik
 (1613-08-07)7 August 1613 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 1640 1664 Stadtholder,[11] son of Ernest Casimir I Nassau
Henry Casimir II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Hendrik Casimir II
 (1657-01-18)18 January 1657 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 18 January 1664 25 March 1696 Hereditary Stadtholder,[12] son of William Frederick Nassau
John William Friso <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Johan Willem Friso
 (1687-08-04)4 August 1687 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 25 March 1696 14 July 1711 Hereditary Stadtholder,[13] son of Henry Casimir II, succeeded by his son William IV of Orange-Nassau, Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Netherlands Nassau

Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)

Name
 Lifespan
 Reign start
 Reign end
 Notes
 Family
 Image
Louis I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • the Good
  • Lodewijk I
 (1778-09-02)2 September 1778 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 5 June 1806 1 July 1810 Bonaparte Louis I of Holland
Louis II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Lodewijk II
 (1804-10-11)11 October 1804 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 1 July 1810 9 July 1810 Son of Louis I Bonaparte Louis II of Holland

Principality of the Netherlands (1813–1815)

Name
 Lifespan
 Reign start
 Reign end
 Notes
 Family
 Image
William Frederick <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem Frederik
 (1772-08-24)24 August 1772 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 6 December 1813 16 March 1815 Son of the last Stadtholder William V, raised Netherlands to status of kingdom in 1815 Orange-Nassau William Frederick of the Netherlands

Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–present)

Name
 Lifespan
 Reign start
 Reign end
 Notes
 Family
 Image
William I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem I
 (1772-08-24)24 August 1772 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 16 March 1815 7 October 1840 Son of the last Stadtholder William V Orange-Nassau William I of the Netherlands
William II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem II
 (1792-12-06)6 December 1792 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 7 October 1840 17 March 1849 Son of William I Orange-Nassau William II of the Netherlands
William III <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem III
 (1817-02-19)19 February 1817 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 17 March 1849 23 November 1890 Son of William II Orange-Nassau William III of the Netherlands
Wilhelmina <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
(1880-08-31)31 August 1880 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 23 November 1890 4 September 1948 Daughter of William III Orange-Nassau Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Juliana <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
(1909-04-30)30 April 1909 – Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. 4 September 1948 30 April 1980 Daughter of Wilhelmina Orange-Nassau (Mecklenburg) Juliana of the Netherlands
Beatrix <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
(1938-01-31) 31 January 1938 (age 87) 30 April 1980 30 April 2013 Daughter of Juliana Orange-Nassau (Lippe) Beatrix of the Netherlands
William-Alexander <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Willem-Alexander
 (1967-04-27) 27 April 1967 (age 57) 30 April 2013 Incumbent Son of Beatrix Orange-Nassau (Amsberg) William-Alexander of the Netherlands

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

Cite error: Invalid <references> tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.

Use <references />, or <references group="..." />
  1. ↑ Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht (1559–1584), Stadtholder of Friesland and Overijssel (1580–1584)
  2. ↑ Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland (1585–1625), Utrecht, Guelders and Overijssel (1590–1625), Groningen (1620–1625)
  3. ↑ Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel (1620–1625), Groningen and Drenthe (1640–1647)
  4. ↑ Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel
  5. ↑ Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Overijssel (1672–1702), Guelders (1675–1702), Drenthe (1696–1702)
  6. ↑ Hereditary Stadtholder of Friesland (1711–1747), Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht and Overijssel (April/May 1747 – November 1747), Stadtholder of Groningen (1718–1747), Guelders and Drenthe (1722–1747), was formally voted the first Hereditary Stadtholder of the United Provinces (1747–1751)
  7. ↑ Stadtholder of Guelders (under Philip II), architect of the Union of Utrecht
  8. ↑ Stadtholder of Friesland (1584–1620), Groningen (1594–1620) and Drenthe (1596–1620)
  9. ↑ Stadtholder of Friesland (1620–1632), Groningen and Drenthe (1625–1632)
  10. ↑ Stadtholder of Friesland (1632–1640), Groningen and Drenthe (1632–1640)
  11. ↑ Stadtholder of Friesland (1640–1664), Groningen and Drenthe (1650–1664)
  12. ↑ In 1675 the State of Friesland voted to make the Stadtholdership hereditary in the house of Nassau-Dietz
  13. ↑ Hereditary Stadtholder of Friesland (1707–1711) and Groningen (1708–1711)
Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=List_of_monarchs_of_the_Netherlands&oldid=720226983"