List of earthquakes in Romania

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File:Romania haz.jpg
Seismic hazard for Romania from the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) in terms of peak ground acceleration with a 10% chance of being exceeded (or a 90% chance of not being exceeded) within the next 50 years

This is a list of earthquakes in Romania, including any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Romania, or which caused significant effects in this area.

Seismic hazard

The seismicity of Romania is clustered in several epicentral zones: Vrancea, Făgăraș-Câmpulung, Banat, Crișana, Maramureș and Southern Dobruja.[1][2] Other epicentral zones of local importance can be found in Transylvania, in the area of Jibou and Târnava River, in northern and western part of Oltenia, in northern Moldavia and in the Wallachian Plain.[3] The Vrancea seismogenic zone is the most important among these seismic zones, having in mind the energy, the extent of the macroseismic effects and the persistent and confined character of the earthquakes that occur in this area. Basically, Vrancea area is responsible for over 90% of all earthquakes in Romania, releasing over 95% of the seismic energy.[4] Two belts of moderate and shallower seismicity are emphasized in the other regions of the country: one along the Southern Carpathians and the eastern edge of the Pannonian Basin, the other along the Eastern Carpathians that extends towards SE on the Peceneaga–Camena line.[5][6][7]

Frequency of earthquakes

During the last 1,000 years, according to historical data, it is thought that 17 earthquakes with 7 and over magnitude have occurred, which suggests a mean for unleashing the energy of every 58 years. Statistically, the magnitude 6 and over earthquakes in the Vrancea area occur approximately every 10 years, magnitude 7 every 33 years, while those with 7.5 magnitude every 80 years.[8]

List of notable earthquakes

Earthquakes listed in the following tables include only M6.0+ events or earthquakes with significant material damage or casualties. All seismic events are shown in detail in the ROMPLUS catalog of the National Institute for Earth Physics. It collected information from the catalog of Constantinescu and Mîrza (1980) for the period 984–1997. After 1997, the catalog was permanently filled and updated with data on seismic events produced in Romania and around national borders.

Intensity maps for notable earthquakes (USGS)
Vrancea, 1977
Vrancea, 1990
Vrancea, 2004
Date Epicenter Magnitude Intensity Damage and casualties
10 July 455 It destroys several towns and villages in Transylvania.[9]
543?–545? Bulgaria Dionysopolis, Dobrich Province 7.5 Large tsunami on the Dobrujan shore of the Black Sea. The Roman fortress of Capidava, Constanța County, is destroyed.[10]
August 815 Strong earthquakes, for five days, from the Balkans to the Carpathians, resulting in severe damage.[9]
6 July 1092 Catastrophic earthquakes which last eight days. It causes huge losses in the Tisza area, also affecting Sătmar.[11]
25 January 1348 Large earthquake in the Danube basin. 40 shocks in one day, strongly felt in Hungary, Italy, southern Germany, etc.[9]
5 June 1443 Pannonian Plain Parts of the Royal Palace, walls of the Citadel of Angevins and many other buildings in Timișoara collapse.[12] The St. Ladislau Cathedral in Oradea is destroyed.[13]
29 August 1471 7.1 VIII–IX The church of Neamț Monastery and the Neboisei Tower of Suceava Fortress are severely damaged.[14] In Brașov, a part of Mount Tâmpa slips over the city, and the citadel of Radu cel Frumos in Bucharest is reported in ruins.
24 November 1516 Vrancea County Several houses destroyed and significant damage to surrounding wall of Brașov. Also felt in Suceava.[14]
19 November 1523 Mediaș, Sibiu County 4.7 VII Light damage reported in Mediaș. The pillars of Evangelical Church in Sebeș collapse.[15] Album Oltardianum indicates 20 houses collapsed in Sibiu, while the Chronicle of Hutter reports many deaths among old population.[16]
26 October 1550 6.5 VII–X Large earthquake in southern Transylvania. Duration: one quarter hour.
10 August 1590 6.5 VII–X Large earthquake in southeastern Transylvania, with disastrous effects in Brașov, Râșnov, Sibiu and Mediaș.
5 May 1603 The strongest earthquake ever recorded inside the Carpathian arch. Also felt in Košice, Slovakia.[11]
8 November 1620 Vrancea County 6.9 VIII–IX
9 August 1679 Vrancea County 6.7 VIII
18 August 1681 Vrancea County 7.1 VIII The earthquake damages a dungeon in Suceava Fortress, in Moldavia.
11 June 1738 Vrancea County 7.7 IX–X <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1738 Vrancea earthquake
Four mosques collapse in Nicopolis, the fortress of Niš, on the Serbian side of the Danube, reports significant damage. 11 monasteries, 15 houses, 15 towers and a church steeple collapse in Iași, while the walls and tower of the Prince's Court in Bucharest are destroyed.[17][18]
26 October 1802 Vrancea County 7.9–8.2 IX <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1802 Vrancea earthquake
Chronicles and records of the Orthodox Church indicate extensive damage to churches and tall buildings in Bucharest. This is the largest earthquake ever recorded in Romania, known by contemporary documents as "great earthquake of Good Friday". Felt on an area of 2 million km². Despite its intensity, only four people are killed.
1 July 1829 Eriului Valley, Sătmar Significant damage in Carei and Satu Mare.[11]
26 November 1829 Vrancea County 7.3[19] VIII–IX The earthquake occurs on Thursday morning, at 4 o'clock, causing great panic among population. In Bucharest, 150 stone houses are destroyed or severely damaged.[20] Felt over a very large area from Tisza to Bug and from Mureș to the Danube.[21]
23 January 1838 Vrancea County 7.5 IX[22] <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1838 Vrancea earthquake
73 deaths were recorded across the country, of which eight only in Bucharest.[23] In Wallachia, 217 churches collapsed or were severely damaged. A massive landslide barred the Bicaz River, forming the Red Lake.[24]
13 November 1868 Vrancea County 6.4 VII–VIII
10 October 1879 Moldova Nouă, Caraș-Severin County 5.3 VIII The earthquake was followed by three aftershocks with magnitude over 4.1.[25]
3 October 1880 Mihai Viteazu, Cluj County 5.3 VIII[16]
31 August 1894 Vrancea County 7.1 VIII Occurred at 2:20 p.m. Underground noises reported in Panciu, Adjud and Focșani.
31 March 1901 Bulgaria Shabla, Dobrich Province 7.2 X <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1901 Black Sea earthquake
A 4 m high tsunami devastates localities on the shore of the Black Sea. Large landslides reported in Dobrich Province. Light damage to buildings in Bucharest.[26]
6 February 1904 Vrancea County 6.6 VI
6 October 1908 Vrancea County 7.1 VIII The earthquake had three explosive moments at an interval of three minutes. The last phase generated "frightening jolts" and "formidable underground rumble". It damaged old houses in Bucharest, eastern Wallachia and southern Moldavia.[27]
25 May 1912 Vrancea County 6.7 VII
29 March 1934 Vrancea County 6.6 VII
10 November 1940 Vrancea County 7.7 IX[28] <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1940 Vrancea earthquake
This was the strongest earthquake recorded in the 20th century in Romania. Its effects were devastating in central and southern Moldavia, but also in Wallachia. The death toll was estimated at 1,000, with an additional figure of 4,000 wounded, mostly in Moldavia.[29] The earthquake was felt in Bucharest, where there were about 300 deaths, mostly from the collapse of Carlton Bloc.[30]
7 September 1945 Vrancea County 6.8 VII–VIII
9 December 1945 Vrancea County 6.5 VII
4 March 1977 Vrancea County 7.4 VII–IX <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1977 Vrancea earthquake
1,578 dead and 11,221 injured in Romania.[31] 120 dead and 165 injured in Bulgaria. Two dead in Moldova. Felt from Rome to Moscow and from Turkey to Finland.[32] A World Bank report indicates damage worthing US$2.048 billion.[33]
30 August 1986 Vrancea County 7.1 VIII <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1986 Vrancea earthquake
Officially, two dead and 558 injured.[34] In Chișinău, four apartment buildings collapsed, resulting in at least 100 casualties. In Bucharest, 50 workers were killed in the basement of a building, crushed by piles of rubble. The information was never confirmed. Over 50,000 houses were damaged.[35]
30 May 1990 Vrancea County 6.9 VIII <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1990 Vrancea earthquakes
14 dead and 362 injured.[36] Severe damage reported on large areas in Romania, Moldova and Bulgaria. Munich Re indicates economic losses of US$30 million.[37]
31 May 1990 Vrancea County 6.4 VII <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Main article: 1990 Vrancea earthquakes
This was the strongest replica of the 30 May mainshock.
12 July 1991 Banloc, Timiș County 5.7 VIII 5,000 rural buildings and a monumental church of German architecture are damaged.[38] 2 dead, 30 injured, hundreds to thousands displaced due to severe damage to buildings.[39]
2 December 1991 Voiteg, Timiș County 5.6 VIII Some injured, serious damage in Voiteg (5,000 houses), 4,500 displaced.[38]
27 October 2004 Năruja, Vrancea County 6.0 Old buildings were slightly damaged. Blackouts were reported in epicentral area.[40]
22 November 2014 Panciu, Vrancea County 5.7 V Cracks in walls and roads were reported in Galați and Tulcea.[41] Telephone network and power supply were disrrupted in epicentral area. One man injured in Tulcea. Eight persons injured in Galați[42] and five hypertensive persons in Brăila needed medical care because of panic attacks.[43]

Gallery

See also

References

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External links

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Vladimir Yu Sokolov, Friedemann Wenzel, Rakesh Mohindra, Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Romania and sensitivity analys: A case of joint consideration of intermediate-depth (Vrancea) and shallow (crustal) seismicity, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29, 364–381
  3. ↑ Ardeleanu, L. et al. (2005) Probabilistic seismic hazard map for Romania as a basis for a new building code. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 5, 679–684
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Oncescu, M., Marza, V. I., Rizescu, M., and Popa, M. (1999). The Romanian earthquake catalogue between 984–1997, Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation (edited by F. Wenzel et al.), 43–47
  6. ↑ Atanasiu I., 1961. Earthquakes in Romania. Academia R.P.R., Bucharest, 194pp. (in Romanian)
  7. ↑ Radulian, M., Mândrescu, N., Panza, G.F., Popescu, E., Utale, A. (2000), Characterization of Seismogenic Zones of Romania, Pure appl. geophys. 157, 57–77
  8. ↑ "Earthquake Risk Perception in Bucharest, Romania", Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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