List of banned films
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This is a list of banned films.
For nearly the entire history of film production, certain films have been banned by film censorship or review organizations for political or moral reasons. Censorship standards vary widely by country, and can vary within an individual country over time due to political or moral change.
Many countries have government-appointed or private commissions to censor and rate productions for film and television exhibition. While it is common for films to be edited to fall into certain rating classifications, this list includes only films that have been explicitly prohibited from public screening.
List
- Note that for some countries films are banned on a wide scale and are not listed in this table.
- Separate lists for some countries are listed below this table
Date | Title | Country | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1996-2001 | Total film ban. | Afghanistan | All films were banned under the Taliban government during their five-year reign.[1][2][3][4] |
1941 | I'll Never Heil Again | Argentina | Banned under the regime of Juan Perón for lampooning Nazi Germany, who was an ally of him during World War Two.[5] |
1963 | The Silence | Argentina | Banned because of "obscenity". [6] |
1972 | Last Tango in Paris | Argentina | Banned for "pornography" [6] |
1974 | La Patagonia rebelde (Rebel Patagonia) | Argentina | Banned under the regime of Juan Perón and Jorge Rafael Videla. The film is about the supression of a peasant's revolt. [6] |
1976 | The Great Dictator (1940) | Argentina | Banned under the regime of Jorge Rafael Videla. [6] |
1978 | Las largas vacaciones del '36 | Argentina | Banned for its sarcastic view of Francoist Spain. [6] |
1978 | Looking for Mr. Goodbar | Argentina | Banned for "pornography" [6] |
1978 | Pretty Baby | Argentina | Banned for "pornography" [6] |
1979 | Coming Home | Argentina | Banned for its anti-war message. [6] |
1979 | The House on Garibaldi Street | Argentina | Banned because it depicts the hunt for Nazi criminal Adolf Eichmann.[6] |
1985 | Je vous salue, Marie (Hail Mary) | Argentina | This film, directed by Jean-Luc Godard, was banned due to blasphemous and sexual content.[7] |
1987 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Argentina | Banned for blasphemic themes. [8] |
1972 | Pink Flamingos | Australia | Banned on its initial release until the 1980s. [9] |
1975-1992 | Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom | Australia | Banned on its initial release,[6] but lifted after seventeen years. [10] |
1984 | Cannibal Holocaust | Australia | Banned due to explicit violence and depictions of animal cruelty. Ban revoked with an 18 (adults only) rating. [11] |
2011 | The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) | Australia | Temporarily banned for disturbing and sexually explicit content. A censored DVD version was later released on February 23, 2012.[12][13][14][14][15][16][17] |
2003 | Ken Park | Australia | Refused classification in 2003 for graphic depictions of teenage sex, incest and auto-erotic asphyxiation.[18] |
2011 | Hostage | Azerbaijan | Banned because the plot presents Armenians in a positive light. [19] |
2007 | The Kingdom | Bahrain | Banned for a false depiction of a 1996 bombing in Saudi Arabia. [20] |
2014 | Noah | Bahrain | Banned for depicting the prophets. [21] |
1975 | In the Realm of the Senses | Belgium | Banned in the 1970s for its graphic sex scenes, being the last film subject to censorship in the country. [22][23] |
2011 | A Serbian Film | Brazil | Banned due to "apology for pedophilia".[24] |
2007 | The Simpsons Movie | Burma | Banned over the "juxtaposition of the colours yelllow and red", which is seen as support for rebel groups. [25] |
2008 | Rambo | Burma | Banned for negative portrayals of Burmese soldiers.[26] |
2014 | Who Killed Chea Vichea? | Cambodia | Banned. [27] |
2015 | No Escape | Cambodia | Banned for "negative portrayal of local culture". [28][29] |
1972 | Last Tango in Paris | Chile | Banned on its initial release for obscenity. [9] |
1987 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Chile | Banned for blasmphemic themes. [8] |
1959 | Ben-Hur (1959) | China | Banned for containing "propaganda of superstitious beliefs, namely Christianity." (Never given permission to screen)[30] |
1984 | Yellow Earth | China | Banned upon initial release. [31] |
1985 | Back to the Future | China | Banned for depicting time travel. [5] |
1986 | The Horse Thief | China | Banned upon initial release. [31] |
1990 | Ju Dou | China | Banned upon initial release, but lifted in 1992 [31][32] The Chinese government gave permission for its viewing in July 1992.[33] |
1991 | Life on a String (1991) | China | Banned upon initial release. [31] |
1991-1994 | Raise the Red Lantern (1991) | China | Banned upon initial release, released three years later. [31] |
1993 | The Blue Kite | China | Chinese film that, in addition to being banned, was deemed so offensive that director Tian Zhuangzhuang received a 10-year ban from making films.[34] |
1993 | Farewell My Concubine | China | Chinese film that won the Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or, was banned in a period due to homosexual themes and negative portrayal of communism.[35] |
1994 | To Live | China | Banned due to its critical portrayal of various policies and campaigns of the Communist government. In addition, its director Zhang Yimou was banned from filmmaking for two years.[36][37][31] |
1998 | Xiu Xiu: The Sent Down Girl | China | Banned. [31] |
2000 | Devils on the Doorstep | China | Banned. [31] |
2005 | Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life | China | Banned for its unflattering depictions of Chinese society (never given permission to screen)[38] |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | China | Banned because of blasphemous content. [10] |
2006 | The Departed | China | Banned for a line suggesting that the government intends to use nuclear weapons on Taiwan (a sensitive political issue – never given permission to screen)[39] |
2007 | Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End | China | Banned because (according to Xinhua, the state news agency of the People's Republic of China) 10 minutes of footage containing Chow Yun-fat's portrayal of Singaporean pirate Sao Feng have been trimmed from versions of the film which may be shown in China. Chow is onscreen for 20 minutes in the uncensored theatrical release of the film. No official reason for the censorship was given, but unofficial sources within China have indicated that the character offered a negative and stereotypical portrayal of the Chinese people.[40] |
2009 | Shinjuku Incident | China | Starring Jackie Chan, it was deemed "too violent" to pass censor in China and was subsequently banned from Chinese distribution when director Derek Yee refused to edit it down.[41] |
2014 | Noah | China | Banned for depicting the prophets. [10] |
2015 | Child 44 (2015) | CIS country | On 15 April 2015, the Russian film distributor Central Partnership announced that the film would be withdrawn from cinemas in Russia, although some media stated that screening of the film was blocked by the Russian Ministry of Culture.[42][43][44] The decision was made following the press screening the day before. The Ministry of Culture and the Central Partnership issued a joint press release stating that the screening of the film before the 70th anniversary of the Victory Day was unacceptable.[45] The Ministry of Culture claimed that it received several questions on the film's contents, primarily concerning "distortion of historical facts, peculiar treatment of events before, during and after the Great Patriotic War and images and characters of Soviet people of that era".[45] Russian minister of culture Vladimir Medinsky welcomed the decision, but stressed that it was made solely by the Central Partnership. However, in his personal statement Medinsky complained that the film depicts Russians as "physically and morally base sub-humans", and compared the depiction of Soviet Union in the film with J. R. R. Tolkien's Mordor, and wished that such films should be screened neither before the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War, nor any other time.[46] However, he also stated that the film would be available in Russia on DVD and online.[47]
As a result of the decision the film was also withdrawn from cinemas in Belarus,[48] Ukraine,[49] Kazakhstan,[50] and Kyrgyzstan, while release of the film has been postponed until October in Georgia.[51] |
2014 | The Interview (2014) | CIS country | The government of North Korea believes that the U.S. film The Interview, about the assassination of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, represents "dangerous filmmaking, which justifies and encourages terrorism," according to a statement made by the North Korean embassy in Russia.[52] |
1966 | The Hand | Czechoslovakia | Banned for depicting a restrictive environment, which was similar to living under the regime. [53] |
1966 | Daisies | Czechoslovakia | Banned for "depicting the wanton". [54][55] The film's director, Věra_Chytilová, was forbidden from working again until 1975. [55] |
1969-1990 | Larks on a String | Czechoslovakia | Banned from 1969 until the fall fof the Communist regime in 1990. [56][57] |
1977-1990 | Castle of Otranto | Czechoslovakia | Banned after its director, Jan Svankmajer, refused to change anything about the film. Government censors objected to its mockumentary tone, which could undermine peoples' faith in the TV news. Svankmajer himself was banned from making films for eight years. [58] |
1930 | The Skeleton Dance | Denmark | Initially banned in 1930 because the censors deemed the film "too macabre". [59] Today the ban is no longer in effect. |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | Egypt | Banned because of blasphemous content. [10] |
2014 | Sweetness of Spirit - Halawet Rooh | Egypt | Starring Haifa Wahby, it was deemed "Children Sexual Harassment" banned right after screening the film in cinemas, after criticism over scenes deemed sexually provocative. The movie was criticized for copying Giuseppe Tornatore’s movie Malena (2000) starring Italian actress Monica Bellucci[citation needed]. |
1930-1952 | Battleship Potemkin | Finland | Banned out of fear of inciting a Communist revolution. [60][5] |
1943-1945 | Mrs. Miniver | Finland | Banned during World War II [61] |
1943-1950 | Johnny Eager | Finland | Banned during World War II and finally released on March 31, 1950. [62] |
1955-1959 | Rififi | Finland | Banned for its depiction of cracking security safes. The government feared it might inspire copycat crimes. The ban was lifted after five years. [8] |
1960-1981 | Peeping Tom | Finland | Banned for 21 years. [8] |
1962-1986 | One, Two, Three | Finland | Banned for 24 years due to its political satire , which could offend their ally, the Soviet Union.[63][64] |
1963 | Dr. Strangelove | Finland | Banned due to its political satire, which could offend their ally, the Soviet Union. [64] |
1972 | One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich | Finland | Finnish Board of Film banned the showing of the film in Finland. In 1972 and 1974 Swedish television showed the film, resulting in the Swedish television mast on the Åland Islands being shut down during the movie because Finns were banned from seeing the film. Director of the Finnish Board of Film Jerker Eeriksson said that the banning of the film was political because it harmed the Finnish-Soviet relationship. Finnish television showed the film in 1996 on the TV1 YLE channel. [65][66] |
1974 | The Texas Chainsaw Massacre | Finland | Banned for graphic violence. [67] |
1984 | Cannibal Holocaust | Finland | Banned due to explicit violence and depictions of animal cruelty.[11] |
1980 | Cruising | Finland | Banned on its initial release. [9] |
1925−1953 | Battleship Potemkin | France | Banned due to fears that it could inspire revolution.[68] |
1930 | L'Age d'Or | France | Banned in Paris by the police prefect "in the name of public order."[69] |
1933-1946 | Zéro de Conduite | France | Banned because of a plot where pupils take over a repressive school. The ban remained in effect under Nazi occupation for the same reason. [70] |
1943 | Le Corbeau | France | Banned from 1945 until 1947, because the film was produced under the Nazi regime with financial support too. It was also seen as negatively portraying French people and accused of harboring sympathies for the Vichy regime. After two years, however, the ban was lifted again. [8][71] |
1950-1990 | Afrique 50 | France | Banned for critizing the French colonial rule. Its director, René Vautier, was condemned to one year's prison. [72][73] |
1953 | Les statues meurent aussi (Statues Also Die) | France | Banned because it suggested that Western civilization is responsible for the decline of African art. The film was seen at the Cannes Film Festival in 1953, but subsequently banned by the French censor.[74][6] |
1954 | Avant le déluge | France | Banned due to it controversial criminal content. [75] |
1955-1957 | Bel-Ami | France | Banned on its initial release. Released after two years in a censored version.[76][73] |
1954-1981 | Carmen Jones | France | Banned due to a technicality in copyright laws on order of the estate of composer George Bizet (on whose opera Carmen the film was based). [77][78][79] |
1955-1957 | Bel-Ami | France | Banned on its initial release. Released after two years in a censored version.[76][73] |
1955-1980 | Le Rendez-vous des quais | France | Banned for representing dockers who refused to dispatch military supplies for use in the Indochina War. [80][73] |
1957-1970 | Paths of Glory | France | Banned in France for two decades for its critical depiction of the French army during World War I. [81] |
1960 | Le Petit Soldat | France | Banned on political grounds; the ban was lifted in 1963 with re-editing.[82][6] |
1961 | Tu ne tueras point | France | Banned for two years because it depicts a soldier during World War II who has conscious objections. [6][83] |
1965-1971 | The Battle of Algiers | France | Banned for six years because of its pro-Algerian and anti-colonial message. [6] |
1965-1971 | Det kære legetøj | France | Banned for advocating pornography. [84] |
1977 | Camp de Thiaroye | France | Banned for criticizing the colonial system. [85] |
2000 | Baise-Moi | France | Banned fom French cinema screens in 2000 after being given an X-rating. [86][87] Eventually, in August 2001, it was reclassified from age bracket 16 to 18. [88] |
1920−1945 | Different from the Others | Germany | Banned due to homosexual themes[89] Mostly destroyed by the Nazis, the film was later partially reconstructed.[90] |
1929 | The Barnyard Battle (1929) | Germany | Initially banned because the cats in this Mickey Mouse cartoon wear helmets that resemble German pickelhaube. [59][91] Today the ban is no longer in effect. |
1930-1931 and again from 1933-1945 | All Quiet on the Western Front (1929) | Germany | The film was banned in 1930 after protests but then re-admitted in a heavily censored version in 1931 after public debate.[92] After 1933, it was banned by the Nazi regime for its anti-militaristic themes.[93] Erich Maria Remarque's novel was also banned as well, and was among the "anti-German" books burned in bonfires.[94] At the Capitol Theatre in West Germany in 1952, the film saw its first release in 22 years. |
1933-1945 | All movies starring the Marx Brothers. | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany because the comedy stars were Jewish.[95] |
1933−1945 | Battleship Potemkin | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany due to fears it could inspire Marxism.[68][96] |
1933−1945 | Ecstasy | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany because of the erotic content. [97] |
1933−1945 | Mysterium des Geschlechtes | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany because of the erotic content. [97] |
1934−1945 | M - Eine Stadt sucht einen Mörder | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany. [98][99] |
1934−1945 | The Testament of Dr. Mabuse | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany for "presenting criminal acts so detailed and fascinating that they might tempt copy-cats". It also had an anti-authoritarian tone. [100][10] |
1936−1945 | The Bohemian Girl | Germany | This Laurel & Hardy film, based on the opera of the same name by Michael William Balfe, was banned in Nazi Germany, because the attitude of its depiction of gypsies (in effect, this was a portrayal that approved of them) "had no place" in the Third Reich.[101] |
1936 | Modern Times | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany for advocating Communism. [102][103] |
1937-1945 | La Grande Illusion | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany for its anti-war message. Head of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels named its director Jean Renoir "Cinematographic Enemy Number One". [104] |
1938-1950 | A Prussian Love Story | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany because the plot of a love affair between the Emperor and an actress was too similar to Head of Propaganda Goebbels's own affair. [105] Even after the war it took until 1950 before the film saw a release. |
1940-1945 | The Great Dictator | Germany | Banned in Nazi Germany for mocking Nazism and Hitler. During World War II, it was once shown to German soldiers in 1942: In German-occupied Yugoslavia, local guerillas sneaked a copy from Greece into an army-cinema in an act of cultural sabotage. After half of the film had been shown, German officers stopped the screening and threatened to shoot the Yugoslavian projectionist. Apparently, the film was ordered by the Reich Chancellery.[106][5] It was first shown in West Germany as late as 1958. |
1943−1949 | Titanic (1943) | Germany | This Nazi propaganda film about the sinking of the RMS Titanic was banned in Nazi Germany by Joseph Goebbels because some of the scenes could demoralize the audience. The Allied Control Council banned the film because of its Nazi propaganda. After the end of the occupation, the German Motion picture rating system classified it to age 12 or older and to age 6 or older with parental guidance. It was sometimes shown on German TV after the war and a censored, low quality VHS copy was released in 1992[citation needed]. |
1944−1945 | Große Freiheit Nr. 7 (Great Freedom No. 7) | Germany | This German musical drama film was banned to be shown inside the Reich. It had its premiere in occupied Prague in December 1944. [107] |
1945 | The Eternal Jew | Germany | Since it was made during Nazi Germany, it is exclusively allowed for use in college classrooms and other academic purposes; however, exhibitors must have formal education in "media science and the history of the Holocaust." Public use is prohibited as of 2013.[108] |
1945 | Jud Süss (1940) | Germany | Banned in 1945 from German exhibition by decree of the Allied Military Occupation.[109] Director Veit Harlan was required by court order to destroy what was then believed to be the only remaining negative of Jud Süß and he reportedly did this in April 1954. A few years later, however, copies of the film began to turn up to the embarrassment of the West German government. After a lengthy investigation, it was determined that another negative existed in East Germany and it was used it to make prints that were dubbed in Arabic and distributed in Middle Eastern countries such as Egypt and Lebanon. Though that negative has never been located, it has been widely suspected that this version was produced and distributed by the Stasi or the KGB in order to arouse anti-semitism among Egyptian and Palestinians against the US backed Israel (and henceforth, support for the Soviet backed Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser).[110][111][112] The copyright of the film is held by the government-ownedF.W. Murnau Foundation. The Foundation only permits screenings of the film when accompanied by an introduction explaining the historical context and the intended impact.[113] |
2010 | Zidan ("Prison") (1974) | Germany | Banned in Germany at 1988-01-21[clarification needed (Date Format)] and 1988-08-10[clarification needed (Date Format)]. Although currently the ban is not in effect, Zindan, directed by Remzi Jonturk, it remains the only Turkish movie title ever been banned in Germany due to gore, violence and cruelty.[114] |
2010 | Saw 3D | Germany | Tiergarten AG has noted that several scenes in the movie violate the violence act §131 StGB. Thereby the movie is banned in Germany. Private copies are still legal to own and personal use is not punishable; however any public show of the movie is highly prohibited and punishable act. There is a censored "Keine Jugendfreigabe/ No youth admitted" version, but it has all the violent scenes cut out. Retailing this copy is still legal, since "KJ" rated movies cannot be indexed/banned.[115] |
2011 | Valley of the Wolves: Palestine | Germany | Banned in Germany, because of FSK's initial concerns over the film's perceived anti-Israeli and anti-American overtones.[116][10] |
1974−1978 | The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) | West Germany | Banned due to extreme level violence.[67] |
1914 | Golfo (1914) | Greece | Banned for its royalist sentiments. [117] |
1967-1974 | Z (1969) | Greece | Banned under the colonel's regime, for being critical of the junta. [118] |
1945 | Jud Süss (1940) | Hungary | Banned since the end of the World War II due to its anti-Jewish and pro-Nazi content. |
1985–1999 | The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) | Iceland | Banned due to high level violence; a censored version was later released.[67] |
1987 | Nekromantik | Iceland | The film was banned due to its transgressive subject matter (including necrophilia) and audacious imagery[citation needed]. |
1992 | Cannibal Holocaust | Iceland | Banned due to very high impact violence and offensive depictions of both human and animal cruelty. Still banned.[67] |
1976 | Max Havelaar | Indonesia | The film adaptation of the classic anti-colonial novel was banned for its parallels with the behaviour of the military and other authorities. [6] |
1982 | The Year of Living Dangerously | Indonesia | An Australian film about Jakarta under Sukarno's rule in 1965. The ban was lifted in 1999.[119] |
1994 | Schindler's List | Indonesia | Film that is sympathetic to the Jewish cause[120][121] |
2007 | Long Road to Heaven | Indonesia | Indonesian film about the 2002 Bali bombings. It was banned on the island of Bali, as local politicians worried that the film might promote hatred and intolerance.[122] |
2009 | Balibo | Indonesia | Australian film based on the story of the Balibo Five, a group of journalists killed during the 1975 Indonesian invasion of East Timor[123] |
2014 | Noah | Indonesia | Banned due to depictions of prophets. [124] |
2015 | Fifty Shades of Grey | Indonesia | Banned due to its sexual content. [125][126] |
1975 | Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom | Iran | Banned due to graphic violence and nudity. [10] |
1980 | Cruising | Iran | Banned on its initial release. [9] |
2001 | Zoolander | Iran | Banned for support of gay rights. [127] |
2010 | 300 | Iran | Banned for its negative portrayal of Persian military. [128] |
2012 | Argo | Iran | Banned for its negative portrayal of Iran. [129] |
1999 | South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut | Iraq | Banned under the regime of Saddam Hussein for depicting him in a comedic light. [5] |
2015 | American Sniper | Iraq | Banned for being an "insult to the population". [130] |
1931 | Monkey Business | Ireland | This Marx Brothers movie was banned on its initial release for fear that its anarchic style of comedy would inspire societal upheaval. The ban was only officially lifted in 2000. [131] |
1943 | The Outlaw | Ireland | Banned due to sexual references.[132][133] |
1945 | Mildred Pierce | Ireland | Banned.[further explanation needed][132][133] |
1945 | Brief Encounter | Ireland | By Noël Coward. It was banned, as it was considered too permissive of adultery.[132] |
1946 | The Big Sleep | Ireland | Banned due to sexual references.[132] |
1950 | Outrage | Ireland | Banned due to its theme of rape. [132] |
1967 | Ulysses | Ireland | The film was not approved for general release until 2000. [134] |
1971−2000 | A Clockwork Orange | Ireland | This film was banned due to its extreme depictions of violence and rape.[67] |
1978, 2010 | I Spit on Your Grave | Ireland | This horror film was banned due to its scenes of graphic violence and lengthy depictions of gang rape. In 2010, the movie was released uncut on DVD and Blu-ray and the ban was renewed by forbidding retailers to sell it.[135] |
1979 | Monty Python's Life of Brian | Ireland | This comedy film by the Monty Python comedy team was banned because it was considered blasphemous. Ban lifted in 1987[67] |
1983 | Monty Python's The Meaning of Life | Ireland | This comedy film by the Monty Python comedy team was banned because it was considered blasphemous. Ban lifted in 1990[136] |
1997 | Preaching to the Perverted | Ireland | Banned for obscenity. [137][138] |
1948 | Oliver Twist | Israel | Banned on its initial release, because the character of Fagin was deemed to antisemitic. [139] |
1957 | The Girl in the Kremlin | Israel | Banned because it may have harmed Israel's diplomatic relations with Moscow[140] |
1957 | China Gate | Israel | Banned in Israel for indulging in excessive cruelty. The Israeli film censorship board indicated the film depicted Chinese and Russian soldiers as "monsters".[141] |
1965 | Goldfinger | Israel | Played for six weeks before the Nazi past of Gert Fröbe, who played the title villain, was disclosed;[142] it was unbanned after a few months after a man went to the Israeli Embassy in Vienna and told staff that Fröbe hid him and his mother from the Nazis (which may have saved their lives).[143][144] |
1973 | Hitler: The Last Ten Days | Israel | Banned in a unanimous decision by the censorship board that Alec Guinness's Hitler was represented in too human a light.[145] |
1988 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Israel | Banned on the grounds that it could offend Christians.[146] |
2002 | Jenin, Jenin | Israel | Banned by the Israeli Film Ratings Board on the premise that it was libelous and might offend the public; the Supreme Court of Israel later overturned the decision.[147] |
2004 | Shrek 2 | Israel | Briefly banned in 2004, though not for the film itself, but the Hebrew dub. A joke about singer David Daor was added, which prompted the artist to take legal action as it poked fun at his high voice. [148] |
1933-1945 | Duck Soup | Italy | Banned under the regime of Benito Mussolini for poking fun at dictators and war. [95] |
1937-1945 | La Grande Illusion | Italy | Banned under the regime of Benito Mussolini for its anti-war message. [104] |
1955 | Totò and Carolina | Italy | Banned on its initial release for poking fun at the police. [149] |
1962 | Jules and Jim | Italy | Initially banned for its sexual attitudes, but after protest this ban was quickly lifted. [8] |
1972−1986 | Last Tango in Paris | Italy | Banned from 1972 to 1986.[67] |
1981 | Lion of the Desert | Italy | Banned from 1982−2009 as it was considered damaging to the honor of the Italian Army. [150] |
1999 | Li chiamarono... briganti! | Italy | Suspended from the cinemas and, nowadays, it is not available on VHS and DVD. For some critics it was banned as being an uncomfortable side of the Italian unification.[151] |
1945-1952 | The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail | Japan | Banned in Japan by the US occupying government for seven years, because of the "feudal values". [8] |
1975 | In the Realm of the Senses | Japan | Banned in Japan for its graphic sex scenes. [8] |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | Jordan | Banned because of blasphemous content. [10] |
2006 | Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan | Banned as being "offensive" since the title character is a stereotypical Kazakhstani man. [152] |
2013 | The Wolf of Wall Street | Kenya | Banned for explicit sexual content, profanity, drug use and nudity.[153] |
2015 | Fifty Shades of Grey | Kenya | Banned due to its sexual content. [125][126] |
1999 | South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut | Kuwait | Just like the TV show itself the film is banned for offending the Muslim Brotherhood.[154] |
2004 | Fahrenheit 9/11 | Kuwait | Banned for being critical of the Iraq war and insulting to Saudi Arabia's royal family. [155][156] |
2007 | The Kingdom | Kuwait | Banned for a "false depiction" of a 1996 bombing in Saudi Arabia. [20] |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | Lebanon | Banned because of blasphemous content. [10] |
2007 | Persepolis | Lebanon | Initially banned in Lebanon after some clerics found it to be "offensive to Iran and Islam." The ban was later revoked after an outcry in Lebanese intellectual and political circles.[157] |
1984 | Cannibal Holocaust | Malaysia | Banned due to explicit violence and depictions of animal cruelty.[11] |
1998 | Barney's Great Adventure | Malaysia | Banned because the censors found it to be unacceptable for children to watch, without providing any further explanation.[158] |
2001 | Zoolander | Malaysia | In this comedy film, the title character Derek Zoolander visits Malaysia which is shown as impoverished and dependent on sweatshops. For this reason, Malaysia's censorship board deemed it "definitely unsuitable".[159] |
2014 | The Raid 2: Berandal | Malaysia | Banned on its intital release. [160] |
2014 | Noah | Malaysia | Banned due to depictions of prophets. [124] |
1987 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Mexico | Banned for blasphemic themes. [8] |
1932 | Scram! | The Netherlands | On its initial cinematic release in the Netherlands this Laurel & Hardy film was banned because the scene where the duo sat on a bed with a woman to whom they weren't married was "indecent". Today the film is not banned.[161] |
2010 | Maladolescenza | The Netherlands | On 25 March 2010 the Dutch court of Alkmaar has classified several scenes in the movie as child pornography,[162] which is illegal in the Netherlands.[163] The decision therefore means that possession, distribution and knowingly gaining access to the movie is prohibited.[164] |
1975-1992 | Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom | New Zealand | Banned on its initial release,[6] but lifted after seventeen years. [10] |
1980, 2006 | Cannibal Holocaust | New Zealand | This horror film was banned due to its extremely violent content and actual on-screen killings of animals.[165] (also refused release in 2006) |
1981 | Mad Max | New Zealand | Banned because of a graphic violent death. [166] (VHS release was later approved[167]) |
2004 | Puni Puni Poemy | New Zealand | This anime was banned on the grounds that it "tends to promote and support the exploitation of children and young persons for sexual purposes, and to a lesser extent, the use of sexual coercion to compel persons to submit to sexual conduct."[168] |
2007−2008 | Hostel: Part II | New Zealand | [further explanation needed][169] (excisions recommended but not initially made; later released on DVD in April 2008 with offending material cut) |
2005 | Vase de Noces | New Zealand | Banned due to "gross, revolting, and abhorrent content" (bestiality, coprophilia, and animal violence). As of 2014, it is still banned[citation needed]. |
2010 | I Spit on Your Grave (2010) | New Zealand | A remake of the 1978 horror film of the same name. Banned due to violence [170] |
2010 | Ikki Tousen: Dragon Destiny | New Zealand | Banned on the grounds of sexual exploitation of children. Due to the reaction from New Zealand film authorities, distributor Madman Entertainment chose not to release the remaining volumes there.[171] |
2011 | Megan Is Missing | New Zealand | Banned for its sexual violence involving young people. [172] |
2011 | The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) | New Zealand | Banned due to its gore, violence and sexually explicit content.[173] |
2012 | A Serbian Film | New Zealand | Banned by the government on May 25, 2012 due to "objectionable content" (offensive depictions of sexual violence, pedophilia, extreme violence, necrophilia and/or other content that is offensive and abhorrent) [174] |
2013 | Maniac | New Zealand | Banned from theatrical and home video release; the OFLC felt that "the tacit invitation to enjoy cruel and violent behavior through its first-person portrayal and packaging as entertainment is likely to lead to an erosion of empathy for some viewers".[175] |
2014 | High School DxD | New Zealand | Banned on the grounds of sexual exploitation of children. The OFLC stated in their report publications were banned if containing what the board felt was "to reinforce the notion that young persons are sexually desirable and available".[176] |
2009 | District 9 | Nigeria | Banned due to accusations of being xenophobic and showing racism towards Nigerians.[177] |
2009 | 2012 | North Korea | Banned because the year 2012 coincides with Kim Il Sung's 100th birthday. The year had also been designated "the year for opening the grand gates to becoming a rising superpower."[178] Thus, a movie which depicts the year in a negative light was found to be offensive by the North Korean government. Several people in North Korea were reportedly arrested for possessing or viewing pirated copies of the movie and charged with "grave provocation against the development of the state."[179] |
1964–1971 | 491 | Norway | Banned due to homosexual themes; a censored version was later released.[180] |
1972 | Pink Flamingos | Norway | Banned on its initial release until the 1980s. [9] |
1974−1997 | The Texas Chain Saw Massacre | Norway | Banned due to high impact scary violence. Ban lifted in 1997 and re-released uncut with an 18 (Adults only) rating.[67] |
1979–1980 | Monty Python's Life of Brian | Norway | Banned due to jokes deemed offensive to religious people (ban later lifted).[67] |
1984−2005 | Cannibal Holocaust | Norway | Banned due to explicit violence and depictions of animal cruelty. Passed uncut after 2005 with an 18 (adults only) rating. [11] |
1987 | Nekromantik | Norway | Banned outright by the Norwegian Media Authority due to outrageous, offensive & abhorrent content (Necrophilia, extreme violence, animal cruelty, and/or other material that is disgusting & abhorrent) |
2009 | Ichi The Killer | Norway | Banned due to high impact violence and cruelty. In January 2009, The Norwegian Media Authority classified the film as "Rejected" and banned the film outright in Norway after the government learned of an incident at the Stockholm Film Festival where two people both vomited and fainted while watching the film. The film remains strictly prohibited in Norway.[67] |
2011 | A Serbian Film | Norway | Banned due to violation of criminal law sections 204a and 382 which deal with the sexual representation of children and extreme violence. Still Banned.[67] |
1971 | Sacco e Vanzetti | Paraguay | Banned under the regime of Alfredo Stroessner for "encouraging Communism". [6] |
1979 | The Deer Hunter | Paraguay | Banned under the regime of Alfredo Stroessner for "danger of being misunderstood". [6] |
1980 | The Blood of Hussain | Pakistan | Banned. [181] |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | Pakistan | Banned because of blasphemous content. [10] |
2012 | Agent Vinod | Pakistan | The film was banned by the Central Board of Film Censors of Pakistan, for containing various controversial references to the Pakistani spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence.[182][10] |
1977 | Hubad na Bayani | Philippines | [183] Depiction of human-rights abuses during the martial-law era[citation needed] |
1987 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Philippines | Banned for blasphemic themes. [8] |
2000 | Toro/Live Show | Philippines | Banned for explicit sexual content. [184] |
2003 | Imelda | Philippines | Banned, after Imelda Marcos, on whom the biopic is based, filed a lawsuit. [185] |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | Philippines | Banned because of blasphemous content. [10] |
1970 | Catch-22 | Portugal | Banned under the Marcelo Caetano regime for a scene depicting a character sitting naked in a tree. [25] |
1972−1974 | Last Tango in Paris | Portugal | Banned for its strong sexual content (unbanned in 1974).[67] |
2014 | Noah | Qatar | Banned for depicting the prophets. [21] |
1966 | Andrei Rublev | Russia | Banned in the Soviet Union for its themes of artistic freedom, religion, political ambiguity, autodidacticism, and the making of art under a repressive regime. Because of this, it was not released domestically in the officially atheist and authoritarian Soviet Union for years after it was completed, except for a single 1966 screening in Moscow.[186][8] |
2006 | Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan | Russia | Banned as "offensive".[152] |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | Samoa | Banned outright after church leaders watching a pre-release showing filed a complaint with film censors.[187] (see Censorship in Samoa for details) [10] |
2009 | The Cell 2 | Samoa | Banned due to violent content.[187] (see Censorship in Samoa for details) |
2009 | Milk | Samoa | Originally, this film was banned without being given a reason.[187] Later, it was given a reason. It was deemed "inappropriate and contradictory to Christian beliefs and Samoan culture": "In the movie itself it is trying to promote the human rights of gays. Some of the scenes are very inappropriate in regard to some of the sex in the film itself, it's very contrary to the way of life here in Samoa[according to whom?]."[188] (see Censorship in Samoa for details) |
2009 | National Lampoon's Van Wilder: Freshman Year | Samoa | (see Censorship in Samoa for details) |
2007 | The Kingdom | Saudi Arabia | [further explanation needed][189] |
2014 | Noah | Saudi Arabia | Banned for depicting the prophets. [10] |
1977 | Ceddo | Senegal | Banned for its presentation of the conflicts between Islamic and Christian religions and ethnic and traditional beliefs . [6][190] According to another account reported in The New York Times in 1978, the banning was not "because of any religious sensitivity, but because Mr. Sembene insists on spelling 'ceddo' with two d's while the Senegalese Government insists it be spelled with one."[191] |
1977 | Camp de Thiaroye | Senegal | Banned for criticizing the colonial system. [85] |
1971−2011 | A Clockwork Orange | Singapore | Banned for over 30 years, before an attempt at release was made in 2006. However, the submission for a M18 rating was rejected, and the ban was not lifted.[67] The ban was later lifted, with film was shown uncut with an R21 rating on 28 October 2011, as part of the Perspectives Film Festival.[192][193] |
1973 | The Exorcist | Singapore | [further explanation needed][67] |
1973 | Last Tango in Paris | Singapore | Banned for its strong sexual content.[67] |
1974−2004 | The Texas Chain Saw Massacre | Singapore | Prohibited from release on the island since the 1970s.[67] Passed uncut after 2004 with an M18 rating. |
1975 | Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom | Sri Lanka | Banned due to graphic violence and nudity. [10] |
1979 | Monty Python's Life of Brian | Singapore | Banned for "inappropriate" religious content.[194] |
1980 | Cannibal Holocaust | Singapore | |
1980−2006 | Saint Jack | Singapore | Banned for the "excessive edits required to the scenes of nudity and some coarse language before it could be shown to a general audience," the film was reclassified to an M18 rating in 2006.[196] |
1981 | The Evil Dead | Singapore | Banned since its release in 1981; authorities disallowed it for "excessive graphic violence and gore".[197] |
1986 | The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 | Singapore | Banned by the authority. Subsequently rated R21.[198] |
1988 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Singapore | Banned for blasphemous content. [199] |
1995 | A Night on the Water | Singapore | Banned for strong sexuality.[200] |
2001−2004 | Zoolander | Singapore | [further explanation needed][201] Passed uncut after 2004 with an NC16 rating[citation needed]. |
2004 | Formula 17 | Singapore | Banned because it "portrayed homosexuality as normal, a natural progression of society."[202] |
2005 | Singapore Rebel | Singapore | Banned for being a political film, which is not allowed in Singapore. In 2009 the film was reviewed by the Political Films Consultative Committee (PFCC) and unbanned, with an M18 rating.[203] |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | Singapore | Banned because of blasphemous content. [10] |
2007 | Solos | Singapore | Banned for its homosexual themes.[204] |
2007 | Following Desire | Singapore | Banned for "excessive sexual acts and stage performances of a sexual nature which are prolonged, gratuitous and exploitative".[205] |
2007 | Zahari's 17 Years | Singapore | Banned because, according to the Government of Singapore, it is "against public interests".[206] |
2008 | A Jihad for Love | Singapore | Banned for an imbalance depiction of Islam as being intolerant. The interviewees also tried to use religion to justify their homosexuality.[205] |
2008 | David the Tolhidan | Singapore | Banned for its "sympathetic portrayal of an organisation viewed as a terrorist organisation by many countries."[205] |
2008 | Arabs and Terrorism | Singapore | Banned for its "sympathetic portrayal of an organisation viewed as a terrorist organisation by many countries."[205] |
2008 | Bakushi | Singapore | Banned for its "several prolonged and explicit sado-masochistic sequences, demonstrating how the rope masters tied up nude women and subjected them to various degrees of physical abuse and sexual degradation, for the erotic gratification of their audience."[205] |
2009 | Female Games | Singapore | Banned for its "explicit lesbian sex acts."[205] |
2009 | Boy | Singapore | Banned because it "romanticises and promotes homosexual relationships. The sexual sequence is prolonged, intense and titillates".[205] |
2009 | Brides of Allah | Singapore | Banned because it "promotes and justifies the act of terrorism, and uses religion to justify its cause".[205] |
2009 | Transgressor (School of the Holy Beast) | Singapore | Banned because it "portrayed nuns as lesbians with depictions of sadomasochism as well as bondage in many of the scenes".[205] |
2010 | Dr Lim Hock Siew | Singapore | Banned due to similar reasons for the film Zahari's 17 Years[207] |
2012 | Sex.Violence.FamilyValues | Singapore | Porn Masala, the second story in Ken Kwek's compendium of three short films, was deemed "racially offensive and demeaning to Indians" by the Board of Film Censors.[208] The ban was subsequently lifted and the film's Singapore version released with edits in March 2013.[209] However, the film had not completed its Singapore theatrical run when it was banned by the Malaysian Board of Film Censors, who found it "obscene" and "insulting to local cultures".[210] The film was also withdrawn from the Asean International Film Festival & Awards, where it was due to be screened from Mar 28-30, 2013.[211] |
2014 | To Singapore, With Love | Singapore | Banned because it allegedly undermined national security as "the individuals in the film have given distorted and untruthful accounts of how they came to leave Singapore and remain outside Singapore," and that "a number of these self-professed 'exiles' were members of, or had provided support to, the proscribed Communist Party of Malaya."[citation needed] |
2006 | The Da Vinci Code | Solomon Islands | Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare stated that the film "undermines the very roots of Christianity in Solomon Islands."[212] |
1910 | The Johnson-Jeffries Fight | South Africa | Banned because the footage depicted the black boxer Jack Johnson defeating the white boxer James J. Jeffries, which had already inspired race riots in the American South. [6] |
1980 | Cruising | South Africa | Banned on its initial release. [9] |
1989 | Cry Freedom | South Africa | Banned under the apartheid regime for being a biopic about anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko. [6] |
1971 | A Clockwork Orange | South Korea | Banned due to depictions of violence and gang rape. Has been lifted since.[67] |
1973 | Last Tango in Paris | South Korea | Banned for its strong sexual content.[67] |
1975–1981 | Ban Geum-ryeon | South Korea | The South Korean director Kim Ki-young's film banned for six years, was released with 40 minutes cut.[213] |
1979 | Apocalypse Now | South Korea | During President Park Chung-hee's regime, the importation of the film was on hold because of its anti-war theme.[214] |
1927-1975 | Battleship Potemkin | Spain | Banned under the regime of Franco out of fear of inciting a Communist revolution. [215][5] |
1957-1975 | Paths of Glory | Spain | Banned under Franco's regime for its "anti-military" themes. [8] |
1961−1977 | Viridiana | Spain | Although the Film Institute of Spain approved the film's submission to the Cannes Film Festival, after the Catholic Church expressed its indignation, the head of the Film Institute was fired and the film was banned under head of state Francisco Franco for sixteen years.[216] |
2009 | Saw VI | Spain | Rated X and thus banned from regular, non-adult cinemas.[217][218] |
2010 | A Serbian Film | Spain | Banned due to extreme violence (contains a lot of sexually violent content).[219] |
1975 | Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom | Sri Lanka | Banned due to graphic violence and nudity. [10] |
2006 | Aksharaya (Letter of Fire) | Sri Lanka | This film was banned for dealing with issues of incest, murder, and rape.[220] |
1974–2001 | The Texas Chain Saw Massacre | Sweden | Banned due to high gore violence and cruelty.[67] Ban lifted in 2001. |
1981 | Mad Max | New Zealand | Banned because of violent content. [221] |
1983 | Hell of the Living Dead | Sweden | [further explanation needed][222] Released uncut on DVD in the mid-2000s[223] |
1984–2005 | Tenebre | Sweden | High impact scary violence. Re-released in an uncut version in 2005.[224] |
1985 | Return of the Living Dead | Sweden | Although status remains unclear(?)[further explanation needed] the first two sequels have been released on DVD.[225] |
1997 | Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation | Sweden | High impact scary violence and cruelty. Sony Pictures later released the film on DVD.[226][227] |
1957 | Paths of Glory | Switzerland | Banned for its critical depiction of the French army during World War I. [81] |
2012 | The Dictator | Tajikistan | Banned for subversiveness. [5] |
1999 | Anna and the King | Thailand | Banned because could be construed as disrespectful towards the King of Thailand.[228] |
2007 | All the Boys Love Mandy Lane | Thailand | This horror film was banned due to violence.[229] |
2007 | Halloween | Thailand | This remake of 1978 horror film of the same name was banned due to depictions of violence.[229] |
2008 | Frontier(s) | Thailand | This horror film was banned due to violence.[230] |
2008 | Funny Games | Thailand | [further explanation needed][229] |
2009 | Zack and Miri Make a Porno | Thailand | Banned by the Ministry of Culture due to sexual content (characters showing how to make their own pornographic video; teens may try to mimic).[231] |
2010 | Saw VI | Thailand | This horror film was banned due to violence.[232] |
1969 | Bir Çirkin Adam (An Ugly Man) | Turkey | Banned for its revelations of the social conditions in the country. [6] |
1979 | Yorgun Savaşçı (The Tired Warrior) | Turkey | Banned because it was written by Kemal Tahir, who opposed the regime, and because the story casts doubt on the uniqueness of Kemal Atatürk's contribution to the struggle for the republic in the 1920s. [6] |
1987 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Turkey | Banned for blasphemic themes. [8] |
1987 | Su da Yanar (Water Also Burns) | Turkey | Banned because it dealt with the banned communist poet Nazim Hikmet. [6] |
2005 | Hostel | Ukraine | Banned because of promoting eastern European countries as buyers for people who capture and torture people for money. Owning the movie in private is still legal.[233] |
2006 | Land of the Dead | Ukraine | The movie was banned due to high level violence and blood and gore. The movie also depicts the suffering and the agony of people who were forced to eat human flesh in Kharkiv during the German attack there in 1943.[234] |
2007 | Hostel: Part II | Ukraine | Same reason as Hostel. People are allowed to own it on private DVD.[235] |
2009 | Brüno | Ukraine | Homosexual promoting themes and sex scenes.[236] |
2009 | Saw VI | Ukraine | The movie contains scenes of brutal gory violence and torture. In the context of "Saw" franchise this is the only part that is banned. Thereby it is illegal to sell it or distribute, since visa is not given.[237] |
2013 | Evil Dead (2013 film) | Ukraine | The movie was banned due to high level violence and blood, sexual and gore[citation needed]. |
2010 | My iz budushchego 2 (We Are from the Future 2) | Ukraine | [further explanation needed][238] |
2010 | Lamhaa | United Arab Emirates | Banned because of its "objectionable content"; it did not receive a clearance certificate from the UAE Censors Board and was pulled from all UAE cinemas. This is the first Bollywood film to be banned in the UAE.[239] |
2014 | Noah | United Arab Emirates | Banned for depicting the prophets. [21] |
2015 | Fifty Shades of Grey | United Arab Emirates | Banned due to its sexual content. [125][126] |
2001 | Green Dragon | Vietnam | (as of 2002)[240] |
2002 | We Were Soldiers | Vietnam | (as of 2002)[240] |
1995 | Xich lo (Cyclo) | Vietnam | Banned for being too "westernised" in its portrayal of urban poverty in the country.[further explanation needed][241][10] |
2010 | Sex and the City 2 | Vietnam | Banned because of a conflict of "cultural values". [242] |
2012 | The Hunger Games | Vietnam | Banned because of extreme violence and killing. [243][244] |
2012 | The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo | Vietnam | Banned because its international distributor, Sony Pictures, did not accept the requirement by the Vietnamese National Film Board of cutting out some sensitive scenes.[245] |
1937 | La Grande Illusion | Yugoslavia | Banned in 1937 for its anti-war message. [104] |
1952−1977 | Ciguli Miguli | Yugoslavia | Banned for its satire of socialist bureaucracy. Issued a license for public showing only in 1977.[246] |
1971−1987 | W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism | Yugoslavia | Banned in Yugoslavia for 16 years.[247][8][248] |
Other countries
- List of films banned in Australia
- List of films banned in Canada
- List of films banned in Chile
- List of films banned in China
- List of films banned in India
- List of films banned in Malaysia
- List of films banned in Pakistan
- List of films banned in the United Kingdom
- List of films banned in the United States
See also
References
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External links
- A complete list of Finland's banned films until 1997
- Complete List of movies banned in Germany
- List of banned films
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Zhang Yimou. Frances K. Gateward, Yimou Zhang, Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2001, p. 42.
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- ↑ Zhang Yimou. Frances K. Gateward, Yimou Zhang, University Press of Mississippi, 2001, pp. 63-4.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Krishna Sen, David T. Hill, Media, Culture and Politics in Indonesia
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 133.0 133.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Thomas Leeflang: Laurel & Hardy Compleet, Loeb, 1988.
- ↑ Court of Alkmaar 25 March 2010, Dutch: ECLI:NL:RBALK:2010:BM2844
- ↑ Dutch Penal Code, Section 240b
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ [4] Archived February 19, 2012 at the Wayback Machine
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- ↑ Vincent Canby, "Film: 'Ceddo,' a Pageant From Sembene's Africa:Stately Power Struggle", The New York Times, 17 February 1978.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 205.0 205.1 205.2 205.3 205.4 205.5 205.6 205.7 205.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ Kim Ik-sang (김익상) (June 2, 1998) (in Korean) 열여섯살 소년의 꿈 (A dream of 16 years old boy) Cine 21
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 229.0 229.1 229.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 240.0 240.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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