Hepacivirus
| Hepacivirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: |
Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
|
| Family: | |
| Genus: |
Hepacivirus
|
| Species | |
|
Canine hepacivirus |
|
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Hepacivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Flaviviridae. Humans serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis; hepatocellular carcinoma.[1][2]
The type species is Hepatitis C virus.
Contents
Taxonomy
Group: ssRNA(+)
-
Family: Flaviviridae
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Genus: Hepacivirus
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Structure
Viruses in Hepacivirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 50 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 10kb in length.[1]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic Arrangement | Genomic Segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepacivirus | Icosahedral-like | Pseudo T=3 | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Life Cycle
Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral envelope protein E to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by viral initiation. Human serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.[1]
| Genus | Host Details | Tissue Tropism | Entry Details | Release Details | Replication Site | Assembly Site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepacivirus | Humans | Epithelium: skin; epithelium: kidney; epithelium: intestine; epithelium: testes | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis | Secretion | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Sex; blood |
History
HCV, which is the causative agent of the hepatitis C in humans and the type species of the genus, was discovered in 1989.[3]
GBV-B virus (also known as GB virus B) discovered in 1995 is capable of infecting New World monkeys, in particular tamarins. Like HCV it is transmitted by the blood-borne route and similar to HCV it is associated with the viral hepatitis. However GBV-B has never been identified in wild animals and its natural host is not known.[3]
Additional Information
Additional hepaciviruses have been described from bats, rodents including bank voles, horses and dogs.[4][5][6]
Cattle also appear to be a host for these viruses.[7][8]
Rodent hepacivirus is found in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus).[3]
A species related to this group has been isolated from the graceful catshark (Proscyllium habereri).[9]
References
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- ↑ Lauck M, Sibley SD, Lara J, Purdy MA, Khudyakov Y, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, Switzer WM, Chapman CA, Hughes AL, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH, Goldberg TL (2013) A novel hepacivirus with an unusually long and intrinsically disordered NS5A protein in a wild Old World primate. J Virol
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- ↑ Shi M, Lin XD, Vasilakis N, Tian JH, Li CX, Chen LJ, Eastwood G, Diao XN, Chen MH, Chen X, Qin XC, Widen SG, Wood TG, Tesh RB, Xu J, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ (2015) Divergent viruses discovered in arthropods and vertebrates revise the evolutionary history of the Flaviviridae and related viruses. J Virol pii: JVI.02036-15
