Forms of address in the United Kingdom
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Forms of address used in the United Kingdom are given below. For further information on Courtesy Titles see Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom.
Contents
Abbreviations
Several terms have been abbreviated in the table below. The forms used in the table are given first, followed by alternative acceptable abbreviations in parentheses.
- His/Her Majesty: HM
- His/Her Royal Highness: HRH
- His/Her Grace: HG
- The Noble:TN
- The Most Honourable: The Most Hon (The Most Honble)
- The Right Honourable: The Rt Hon (The Rt Honble)
- The Honourable: The Hon (The Honble)
- The Much Honoured: The Much Hon (The Much Hon'd)
- The Most Reverend: The Most Rev (The Most Revd or The Most Rev'd)
- The Right Reverend: The Rt Rev (The Rt Revd or The Rt Rev'd)
- The Very Reverend: The Very Rev (The Very Revd or The Very Rev'd)
- The Reverend: The Rev (The Revd or The Rev'd)
- The Venerable: The Ven (The Venble)
Royalty
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| King | HM The King | Your Majesty | Your Majesty, and thereafter as "Sir/Sire" |
| Queen | HM The Queen | Your Majesty | Your Majesty, and thereafter as "Ma'am" (to rhyme with "jam") |
| Prince of Wales | HRH The Prince of Wales | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Sir" |
| Wife of the Prince of Wales | HRH The Princess of Wales (traditionally) HRH The Duchess of Rothesay (in Scotland) HRH The Duchess of Cornwall (an exception to tradition since 2005) |
Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Ma'am" |
| Princess Royal | HRH The Princess Royal | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Ma'am" |
| Royal Peer | HRH The Duke of London, e.g., HRH The Duke of Cambridge | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Sir" |
| Royal Peeress | HRH The Duchess of London, e.g., HRH The Duchess of Cambridge | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Ma'am" |
| Sovereign's son (unless a peer) |
HRH The Prince John | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Sir" |
| Sovereign's son's wife (unless a peeress) |
HRH The Princess John | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Ma'am" |
| Sovereign's daughter (unless a peeress) |
HRH The Princess Mary | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Ma'am" |
| Sons of the Prince of Wales (unless a peer) |
HRH Prince John of Wales, e.g., HRH Prince Harry of Wales | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Sir" |
| Daughters of the Prince of Wales (unless a peer) |
HRH Princess Mary of Wales | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Ma'am" |
| Sovereign's son's son, Prince of Wales's eldest son's sons (unless a peer) |
HRH Prince John of London, e.g. HRH Prince Michael of Kent | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Sir" |
| Sovereign's son's son's wife (unless a peeress) |
HRH Princess John of London, e.g., HRH Princess Michael of Kent | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Ma'am" |
| Sovereign's son's daughter, Prince of Wales's eldest son's daughters (unless a peeress) |
HRH Princess Mary of London, e.g., HRH Princess Beatrice of York | Your Royal Highness | Your Royal Highness, and thereafter as "Ma'am" |
| Sovereign's son's son's son (unless a peer) (Except sons of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales) |
The Lord John Windsor, e.g., The Lord Nicholas Windsor | Dear Lord John | Lord John |
| Sovereign's son's son's son's wife (unless a peeress) |
The Lady John Windsor, e.g., The Lady Nicholas Windsor | Dear Lady John | Lady John |
| Sovereign's son's son's daughter (unless a peeress) (Except daughters of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales) |
The Lady Mary Windsor, e.g., The Lady Helen Taylor | Dear Lady Mary | Lady Mary |
A formal announcement in The London Gazette reads: "The Queen has been pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated 31 December 2012 to declare that all the children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales should have and enjoy the style, title and attribute of Royal Highness with the titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their Christian names or with such other titles of honour." This refers to any children of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.
Nobility
Peers, peeresses and non-peerage
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke | (His Grace) The Duke of London | My Lord Duke or Dear Duke (of London) |
Your Grace or Duke[1] |
| Duchess | (Her Grace) The Duchess of London | Madam or Dear Duchess (of London) |
Your Grace or Duchess[2] |
| Marquess or Marquis | (The Most Hon) The Marquess of London | My Lord Marquess or Dear Lord London |
My Lord or Your Lordship or Lord London |
| Marchioness | (The Most Hon) The Marchioness of London | Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady[3] or Your Ladyship or Lady London |
| Earl | (The Rt Hon) The Earl of London | My Lord or Dear Lord London |
My Lord or Your Lordship or Lord London |
| Countess | (The Rt Hon) The Countess of London | Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady[3]or Your Ladyship or Lady London |
| Viscount | (The Rt Hon) The Viscount London | My Lord or Dear Lord London |
My Lord or Your Lordship or Lord London |
| Viscountess | (The Rt Hon) The Viscountess London | Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady[3]or Your Ladyship or Lady London |
| Baron Lord of Parliament |
(The Rt Hon) The Lord London | My Lord or Dear Lord London |
My Lord or Your Lordship or Lord London |
| Baroness (in her own right) | (The Rt Hon) The Lady London or (The Rt Hon) The Baroness London |
Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady[3]or Your Ladyship or Lady London |
| Baroness (in her husband's right) Lady of Parliament (in her or her husband's right) |
(The Rt Hon) The Lady London | Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady[3]or Your Ladyship or Lady London |
| Scottish Baron (non-peerage minor baron) | (The Much Hon) John Smith of Edinburgh or (The Much Hon) John Smith, Baron of Edinburgh or (The Much Hon) The Baron of Edinburgh[4] |
Sir or Dear Edinburgh or Dear Baron |
Edinburgh or Baron |
| Scottish female Baroness or Baron's wife |
As baron, substituting "Madam" for first name and substituting "Baroness" for "Baron", or Lady Edinburgh[5] |
Madam or Dear Baroness or Dear Lady Edinburgh |
Madam or Baroness or Lady Edinburgh |
Eldest sons, grandsons and great-grandsons of dukes, marquesses and earls
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Eldest sons of dukes, marquesses and earls use their father's most senior subsidiary title as courtesy titles: note the absence of "The" before the title. If applicable, eldest sons of courtesy marquesses or courtesy earls also use a subsidiary title from their (great) grandfather, which is lower ranking than the one used by their father. Eldest daughters do not have courtesy titles; all courtesy peeresses are wives of courtesy peers.) | |||
| Courtesy Marquess | (The) Marquess of London | My Lord or Dear Lord London |
My Lord or Lord London |
| Courtesy Marquess's wife | (The) Marchioness of London | Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady or Lady London |
| Courtesy Earl | (The) Earl of London | My Lord or Dear Lord London |
My Lord or Lord London |
| Courtesy Earl's wife | (The) Countess of London | Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady or Lady London |
| Courtesy Viscount | (The) Viscount London | My Lord or Dear Lord London |
My Lord or Lord London |
| Courtesy Viscount's wife | (The) Viscountess London | Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady or Lady London |
| Courtesy Baron Courtesy Lord of Parliament |
(The) Lord London | My Lord or Dear Lord London |
My Lord or Lord London |
| Courtesy Baron's wife Wife of Courtesy Lord of Parliament |
(The) Lady London | Madam or Dear Lady London |
My Lady or Lady London |
Heirs-apparent and heirs-presumptive of Scottish peers
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Heirs-apparent and heirs-presumptive of Scottish peers use the titles "Master" and "Mistress"; these are substantive, not courtesy titles. If, however, the individual is the eldest son of a Duke, Marquess or Earl, then he uses the appropriate courtesy title, as noted above.) | |||
| Scottish peer's heir-apparent or heir-presumptive | The Master of Edinburgh | Sir or Dear Master of Edinburgh |
Sir or Master |
| Scottish peer's heiress-apparent or heiress-presumptive | The Mistress of Edinburgh | Madam or Dear Mistress of Edinburgh |
Madam or Mistress |
Sons, grandsons and great-grandsons of peers
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke's younger son (Courtesy) Marquess's younger son |
(The) Lord John Smith | My Lord or Dear Lord John (Smith) |
My Lord or Lord John |
| Duke's younger son's wife (Courtesy) Marquess's younger son's wife |
(The) Lady John Smith | Madam or Dear Lady John |
My Lady or Lady John |
| (Courtesy) Earl's younger son (Courtesy) Viscount's son (Courtesy) Baron's son (Courtesy) Lord of Parliament's son |
The Hon John Smith | Sir or Dear Mr Smith |
Sir or Mr Smith |
| (Courtesy) Earl's younger son's wife (Courtesy) Viscount's son's wife (Courtesy) Baron's son's wife (Courtesy) Lord of Parliament's son's wife |
The Hon Mrs John Smith | Madam or Dear Mrs Smith |
Madam or Mrs Smith |
Daughters, granddaughters and great-granddaughters of peers
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| (If a daughter of a peer or courtesy peer marries another peer or courtesy peer, she takes her husband's rank. If she marries anyone else, she keeps her rank and title, using her husband's surname instead of her maiden name.) | |||
| Duke's daughter (Courtesy) Marquess's daughter (Courtesy) Earl's daughter (unmarried or married to a commoner) |
(The) Lady Mary Smith (if unmarried), (The) Lady Mary Brown (Husband Surname, if Married) |
Madam or Dear Lady Mary |
My Lady or Lady Mary |
| (Courtesy) Viscount's daughter (Courtesy) Baron's daughter (Courtesy) Lord of parliament's daughter (unmarried) |
The Hon Mary Smith | Madam or Dear Miss Smith |
Madam or Miss Smith |
| (Courtesy) Viscount's daughter (Courtesy) Baron's daughter (Courtesy) Lord of Parliament's daughter (married to a commoner) |
The Hon Mrs Brown (Husband Surname) | Madam or Dear Mrs Brown |
Madam or Mrs Brown |
Gentry and minor nobility[6]
Baronets
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baronet | Sir John Smith, Bt (or Bart) | Sir or Dear Sir John (Smith) |
Sir or Sir John |
| Baronetess in her own right | Dame Mary Smith, Btss | Madam or Dear Dame Mary (Smith) |
Madam or Dame Mary |
| Baronet's wife | Lady Smith | Madam or Dear Lady Smith |
My Lady or Lady Smith |
| Baronet's divorced wife | Mary, Lady Smith | Madam or Dear Lady Smith |
My Lady or Lady Smith |
| Baronet's widow | Dowager Lady Smith or Lady Smith if the heir incumbent is unmarried | Madam or Dear Lady Smith |
My Lady or Lady Smith |
Knights
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knight (of any order) | Sir John Smith | Sir or Dear Sir John (Smith) |
Sir or Sir John |
| Lady (of the Order of the Garter or the Thistle) | Lady Mary Smith | Madam or Dear Lady Mary (Smith) |
My Lady or Lady Mary |
| Dame (of an order other than the Garter or the Thistle) | Dame Mary Smith | Madam or Dear Dame Mary (Smith) |
Madam or Dame Mary |
| Knight's wife | Lady Smith | Madam or Dear Lady Smith |
My Lady or Lady Smith |
Scottish Baron (non-peerage nobility)
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feudal baron | The Much Hon John Smith of Edinburgh or The Much Hon John Smith, Baron of Edinburgh or The Much Hon The Baron of Edinburgh[4] |
Sir or Dear Edinburgh or Dear Baron |
Edinburgh or Baron |
| Female feudal baroness or Feudal baron's wife |
As feudal baron, substituting "Madam" for first name and substituting "Baroness" for "Baron", or Lady Edinburgh[5] |
Madam or Dear Baroness or Dear Lady Edinburgh |
Madam or Baroness or Lady Edinburgh |
Chiefs, chieftains and lairds
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chief, chieftain or laird (Only lairds recognised in a territorial designation by the Lord Lyon) |
John Smith of Smith or John Smith of Edinburgh or John Smith of that Ilk or The Smith of Smith or The Smith of Edinburgh or The Smith (varies according to family) (only the 2nd form of address above applies to lairds) |
Sir or Dear Edinburgh (if placename in title) or Dear Smith (otherwise) |
Edinburgh (if placename in title) or Smith (otherwise) |
| Female Chief, chieftain or laird or Chief, chieftain or laird's wife |
As Chief, substituting "Madam" or "Mrs" for first name or "The" or The Lady Edinburgh[7] |
Madam or as on envelope |
Madam or as on envelope |
| Chief (etc.)'s heir-apparent | John Smith of Edinburgh, yr or John Smith, yr of Edinburgh or John Smith of Edinburgh (last only if different first name to father) |
Sir or Dear Younger of Edinburgh or Dear Mr Smith of Edinburgh |
Sir or Young Edinburgh or The Younger of Edinburgh |
| Chief (etc.)'s heir-apparent's wife | Mrs Smith of Edinburgh, yr or Mrs Smith, yr of Edinburgh |
Madam or Dear Mrs Smith of Edinburgh |
Madam or Mrs Smith of Edinburgh |
| Chief (etc.)'s eldest daughter (if none senior) | Miss Smith of Edinburgh or Jane Smith, Maid of Edinburgh |
Madam or Dear Miss Smith of Edinburgh or Dear Maid of Edinburgh |
Madam or Miss Smith of Edinburgh or Maid of Edinburgh |
| Chief (etc.)'s younger daughter | Miss Mary Smith of Edinburgh | Madam or Dear Miss Smith of Edinburgh |
Madam or Miss Smith of Edinburgh |
Clergy
Church of England
Similar styles are also applied to clergy of equivalent status in other religious organisations.
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| Archbishop | The Most Rev and Rt Hon The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury/York | Dear Archbishop | Your Grace or Archbishop |
| Archbishop that is not in Privy Council | The Most Rev The Lord Archbishop of Wales | Dear Archbishop | Your Grace or Archbishop |
| Diocesan bishop in Privy Council | The Rt Rev and Rt Hon The Lord Bishop of London | Dear Bishop | My Lord or Bishop |
| Bishop, diocesan or suffragan | The Rt Rev The Lord Bishop of Durham | Dear Bishop | My Lord or Bishop |
| Dean | The Very Rev The Dean of York | Dear Mr/Madam Dean | Dean or Mr/Madam Dean |
| Archdeacon | The Ven The Archdeacon of London | Dear Archdeacon | Archdeacon |
| Prebendary | The Rev Prebendary Smith | Dear Prebendary Smith | Prebend |
| Canon | The Rev Canon John Smith | Dear Canon | Canon |
| Priest | The Rev John Smith or Father John Smith | Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith or Dear Father Smith |
Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith or Father John/Smith or Vicar/Rector/Prebendary/Curate/Chaplain etc. as applicable |
| Deacon | The Rev Deacon John Smith or The Rev John Smith |
Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith or Dear Deacon Smith |
Deacon Smith or Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith |
The usage 'Lord' as applied to a bishop pre-dates the United Kingdom, and is a well-established convention. It is more usual to abbreviate Reverend to Rev'd rather than Rev. Where a personal name is not used for a priest or deacon, the manner of address is Rev Mr etc., i.e. the Rev is used with the usual title. Without this title, the use of Rev with a surname refers to non-Anglican Protestant clergy, whereas Catholic clergy favour Fr (Father). For further details see Crockford's Guide to addressing the Clergy.
Clergy: 'introduce as Mr Pike or Father Pike according to his preference' (Debrett's Etiquette and Modern Manners 1981 pg230)
Church of Scotland
It should be noted that the Church of Scotland as a Presbyterian Church recognizes state awarded titles only as courtesy. In court (Assembly, Presbytery and Session) one may only be addressed as Mr, Mrs, Miss, Dr, Prof, etc. depending on academic achievement. Thus ministers are correctly addressed as, for example Mr Smith or Mrs Smith unless they have a higher degree or academic appointment e.g. Dr Smith or Prof. Smith. It is 'infra dig' to use the title 'Rev' and even the use of 'the Rev Mr' requires sensitivity to official style.
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly | His Grace The Lord High Commissioner | Your Grace | Your Grace or Sir/Ma'am |
| Clergy | The Rev John Smith | Dear Mr Smith | Mr Smith/Dr Smith etc. |
| Current Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland | The Right Rev John Smith | Dear Mr Smith | Mr Smith/Dr Smith etc. |
| Former Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland | The Very Rev John Smith | Dear Mr Smith | Mr Smith/Dr Smith etc. |
Judiciary
United Kingdom
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address | In court |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male Justice of the Supreme Court | The Lord Smith, PC | Lord Smith | Lord Smith | My Lord[8] |
| Female Justice of the Supreme Court | The Lady Smith, PC | Lady Smith | Lady Smith | My Lady[8] |
England and Wales
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address | In court |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lord Chief Justice | The Rt Hon. the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales | Lord Chief Justice | Lord Chief Justice | My Lord[9] |
| Male Lord Justice of Appeal | The Rt Hon. Lord Justice (John) Smith | Lord Justice | Lord Justice | My Lord |
| Retired male Lord Justice of Appeal | The Rt Hon. Sir John Smith | Judge or Sir John | Sir John | My Lord |
| Female Lord Justice of Appeal | The Rt Hon. Lady Justice (Mary) Smith, DBE | Lady Justice | Lady Justice | My Lady |
| Retired female Lord Justice of Appeal | The Rt Hon. Dame Mary Smith, DBE | Judge or Dame Mary | Dame Mary | My Lady |
| Male High Court Judge | The Hon. Mr Justice (John) Smith | Judge | Judge | My Lord |
| Retired male High Court Judge | Sir John Smith | Judge or Sir John | Sir John | My Lord |
| Female High Court Judge | The Hon. Mrs Justice (Mary) Smith, DBE | Judge | Judge | My Lady |
| Retired female High Court Judge | Dame Mary Smith, DBE | Judge or Dame Mary | Dame Mary | My Lady |
| Circuit Judge who was Queen's Counsel** | His Honour Judge (John) Smith, QC | Judge | Judge | Your Honour |
| Circuit Judge** | His Honour Judge (John) Smith | Judge | Judge | Your Honour |
| District Judge | District Judge (John) Smith | Judge | Sir or Madam | Sir or Madam |
| High Court Master | Master(John) Smith | Master | Master* | Master* |
| High Court Registrar | Mr (or Mrs) Registrar Smith | Registrar | Sir or Madam | Sir or Madam |
| Justice of the Peace | Mr John Smith, JP | Mr Smith | Mr Smith | Your Worship[10] |
Scotland
| Position | On envelopes | Salutation in letter | Oral address | In court |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lord President of the Court of Session/Lord Justice General of Scotland | The Rt Hon. (the) Lord/Lady Smith Lord President of the Court of Session/Lord Justice General of Scotland | Lord President/Lord Justice General | Lord President/Lord Justice General | My Lord/Lady |
| Lord Justice Clerk | The Rt Hon. (the) Lord/Lady Smith Lord Justice Clerk | Lord Justice Clerk | Lord Justice Clerk | My Lord/Lady |
| Senator of the College of Justice and the Chairman of the Scottish Land Court | The Hon./Rt Hon. (the) Lord/Lady Smith | Lord/Lady Smith | Lord/Lady Smith | My Lord/Lady |
| Sheriff Principal | Sheriff Principal Smith (QC should be added where applicable) | Sheriff Principal Smith | Sheriff Principal Smith | My Lord/Lady |
| Sheriff | Sheriff Smith (QC should be added where applicable) | Sheriff Smith | Sheriff Smith | My Lord/Lady |
| Stipendiary Magistrate | Mr John/Mrs Mary Smith | Mr/Mrs Smith | Mr/Mrs Smith | Your Honour[11] |
| Justice of the Peace | Mr John/Mrs Mary Smith | Mr/Mrs Smith | Mr/Mrs Smith | Your Honour[11] |
A judge's first name only forms part of their judicial style if, at the time of their appointment, there is a senior judge with the same or a similar surname. Thus, if there is a "Mr Justice Smith", subsequent judges will be "Mr Justice John Smith", "Mrs Justice Mary Smith", etc. a member of the Bar (but not a solicitor) addresses a Circuit Judge or higher, out of court, as "Judge".
- *whether the High Court Master is male or female.
- **Some Circuit Judges – for example, The Recorder of Liverpool or circuit judges sitting in the Central Criminal Court – are addressed in court as "My Lord" or "My Lady".
Notes
- The forms given under "Salutation in Letter" are for use in social correspondence only. In formal letters, "Sir" or "Madam" would be used instead.
- "London" represents any peerage title.
- "Smith" represents any surname.
- "Edinburgh" represents any Scottish place name.
- "of" may be omitted in the form of Marquessates and Earldoms and included in the form of Scottish Viscountcies. It is never present in peerage Baronies and Lordships of Parliament and always present in Dukedoms and Scottish feudal Baronies.
- Some sources do not recommend the use of the definite article before certain courtesy titles (particularly those who have prospects of promotion within the family's titles), but it is used by official Court publications such as the Court Circular (see below).
- The exact form of a Scottish chief's style varies from family to family, and is generally based on tradition rather than formal rules.
- Some styles that could represent more than one class of person are clarified by the use of post-nominal letters. For instance:
- Knights and Baronets are distinguished by the use of "Bt" (or, archaically, "Bart") after the latter's names (and by the use of the appropriate post-nominal letters if the former are members of an Order of Chivalry). Knights bachelor have no post-nominal letters.
- Substantive peers below the rank of Marquess and courtesy peers who are Privy Counsellors (both of whose titles are preceded by "The Rt Hon") are distinguished by the use of "PC" after the former's names.
- If the definite article is not used before courtesy peerages (see above) and The Hon Elizabeth Smith marries Sir William Brown, she becomes The Hon Lady Brown, but if she marries the higher-ranked Lord Brown, a courtesy Baron, she becomes only Lady Brown. If this Sir William Brown's father is created Earl of London and Baron Brown, as a result of this ennoblement his wife's style will actually change, from "The Hon Lady Brown" to "Lady Brown". It is important to note that while the style may appear diminished, the precedence taken increases from that of a wife of a knight to that of a wife of an earl's eldest son.
See also
External links
References
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- ↑ Ruling of the Court of the Lord Lyon (26/2/1948, Vol. IV, page 26): 'With regard to the words 'untitled nobility' employed in certain recent birthbrieves in relation to the (Minor) Baronage of Scotland, Finds and Declares that the (Minor) Barons of Scotland are, and have been both in this nobiliary Court and in the Court of Session recognised as a ‘titled nobility’ and that the estait of the Baronage (i.e. Barones Minores) are of the ancient Feudal Nobility of Scotland’. This title is not, however, in and of itself a peerage title, and nobility, or the noblesse, in Scotland incorporates the concept of gentry in England.
- ↑ Frank Adams (1952) The Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands
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