Football records in Turkey

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Süper Lig

Records in this section refer to Süper Lig from its founding in 1959 through to the present.

Titles

Most Points per season

Top Flight Appearances

Representation

  • Most participants from one place: 11:

During the season 1962–1963, Istanbul had eleven entrants into top-flight: Beşiktaş JK, Beykoz 1908 SKD, Beyoğlu SK, Fenerbahçe SK, Feriköy SK, Galatasaray SK, İstanbulspor, Fatih Karagümrük SK, Kasımpaşa SK, Vefa SK and Yeşildirek SK

Wins[2]

Draws[2]

Losses[2]

Goals

  • Fewest goals scored in a season, joint record

Scorelines

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Main article: Beşiktaş JK 10–0 Adana Demirspor

Unbeaten

Attendance

Individual records

Appearances

  • Youngest player[5]
    • 16 years and 107 days, Enes Ünal (for Bursaspor v. Galatasaray SK, 25 August 2013)
    • 16 years and 117 days, Batuhan Karadeniz (for Beşiktaş JK v. Kasımpaşa SK, 19 August 2007)
    • 16 years and 327 days, Serkan Kurtuluş (for Bursaspor v. Beşiktaş JK, 24 November 2006)

All-time most appearances

Rank Player Apps[6] Years
1 Turkey Oğuz Çetin 503 1981–2000
2 Turkey Rıza Çalımbay 494 1980–1996
3 Turkey Hakan Şükür 488 1987–2000, 2003–2008
4 Turkey Hami Mandıralı 476 1984–1998, 1999–2003
5 Turkey Kemal Yıldırım 475 1976–1995
6 Turkey Mehmet Nas 453 1997–2014
7 Turkey Recep Çetin 437 1984–2001
8 Turkey Bülent Korkmaz 430 1988–2005
9 Turkey Müjdat Yetkiner 429 1979–1995
10 Turkey Ömer Çatkıç 427 1995–2012

As of 18 May 2014 (Bold denotes players still playing in the league).

Goals

  • Youngest goalscorer[7]
    • 16 years and 107 days, Enes Ünal (for Bursaspor v. Galatasaray SK, 25 August 2013)
    • 16 years and 123 days, Batuhan Karadeniz (for Beşiktaş JK v. Gaziantepspor, 25 August 2007)

All-time top scorers

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Most championships

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Manager

Players

Türkiye Kupası

Final

  • Most wins: 16
    • Galatasaray (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1973, 1976, 1982, 1985, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2014, 2015)
  • Most consecutive titles: 4
  • Most consecutive appearances: 4
  • Most appearances: 21
    • Galatasaray (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1973, 1976, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 1998, 2000, 2005, 2014, 2015)
  • Most defeats in a final: 9
    • Fenerbahçe (1963, 1965, 1989, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010)

Scorelines

Unbeaten

Individual records

Players

Managers

Süper Kupa

  • Most wins: 14
    • Galatasaray SK (1966, 1969, 1972, 1982, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015)
  • Most consecutive wins: 5
  • Most consecutive appearances: 7

Managers

Double

Four teams have won the Double of the Süper Lig and the Türkiye Kupası.

Club Number Seasons
Galatasaray
6
 1962–63, 1972–73, 1992–93, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2014–15
Fenerbahçe
3
 1967–68, 1973–74, 1982–83
Trabzonspor
2
 1976–77, 1983–84
Beşiktaş
2
 1989–90, 2008–09

Most successful clubs overall (1959 – present)

Team Süper Lig Türkiye Kupası TFF Süper Kupa Domestic Total UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League UEFA Super Cup FIFA Club World Cup Total
Galatasaray SK 20 16 14 50 - 1 1 - 52
Fenerbahçe SK 19 6 9 34 - - - - 34
Beşiktaş JK 11 9 8 28 - - - - 28
Trabzonspor 6 8 8 22 - - - - 22
MKE Ankaragücü SK - 2 1 3 - - - - 3
Göztepe GK - 2 1 3 - - - - 3
Bursaspor 1 1 - 2 - - - - 2
Altay SK - 2 - 2 - - - - 2
Gençlerbirliği SK - 2 - 2 - - - - 2
Kocaelispor - 2 - 2 - - - - 2
Eskişehirspor - 1 1 2 - - - - 2
Sakaryaspor - 1 - 1 - - - - 1
Kayserispor - 1 - 1 - - - - 1

The figures in bold represent the most times this competition has been won by a Turkish team.
Balkans Cup is not considered a UEFA competition, and hence clubs' records in the Balkans Cup are not considered part of their European record.

Most successful managers overall (1959 – present)

Manager Süper Lig Türkiye Kupası TFF Süper Kupa UEFA Europa League UEFA Super Cup Total
Turkey Fatih Terim 6 2 4 1 0 13
Turkey Ahmet Suat Özyazıcı 4 3 5 0 0 12
Turkey Mustafa Denizli 3 2 2 0 0 7
England Gordon Milne 3 2 2 0 0 7
Turkey Gündüz Kılıç 2 3 1 0 0 6
Germany Christoph Daum 3 1 2 0 0 6
Brazil Didi 2 1 2 0 0 5
Turkey Özkan Sümer 2 1 2 0 0 5
Turkey Branko Stanković 2 1 2 0 0 5
England Brian Birch 2 1 1 0 0 4
Hungary Ignác Molnár 2 1 1 0 0 4
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Tomislav Kaloperović 2 1 1 0 0 4
Turkey Şenol Güneş 0 2 2 0 0 4
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Ljubiša Spajić 2 0 1 0 0 3
Turkey Adnan Suvari 0 2 1 0 0 3
Romania Mircea Lucescu 2 0 0 0 1 3
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Todor Veselinović 2 0 1 0 0 3
Turkey Aykut Kocaman 1 2 0 0 0 3
Germany Jupp Derwall 1 1 1 0 0 3
France Jean Tigana 0 2 1 0 0 3
Turkey Hamza Hamzaoğlu 1 1 1 0 0 3
Turkey Coşkun Özarı 1 1 0 0 0 2
Turkey Necdet Niş 0 2 0 0 0 2
Germany Karl-Heinz Feldkamp 1 1 0 0 0 2
Turkey Samet Aybaba 0 2 0 0 0 2
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Abdulah Gegić 0 1 1 0 0 2
Turkey Metin Türel 0 1 1 0 0 2
Germany Reiner Hollmann 1 0 1 0 0 2
Turkey Yılmaz Gökdel 0 1 1 0 0 2
Wales John Toshack 0 1 1 0 0 2
Brazil Zico 1 0 1 0 0 2
Hungary András Kuttik 1 0 0 0 0 1
Hungary László Székely 1 0 0 0 0 1
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Miroslav Kokotović 1 0 0 0 0 1
England Oscar Hold 1 0 0 0 0 1
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Djordje Milić 1 0 0 0 0 1
Brazil Carlos Alberto Parreira 1 0 0 0 0 1
Belgium Eric Gerets 1 0 0 0 0 1
Turkey Cevat Güler 1 0 0 0 0 1
Turkey Ertuğrul Sağlam 1 0 0 0 0 1
Turkey Ersun Yanal 1 0 0 0 0 1
Turkey Halil Bıçakçı 0 1 0 0 0 1
Turkey Ziya Taner 0 1 0 0 0 1
Germany Horst Buhtz 0 1 0 0 0 1
Turkey Fethi Demircan 0 1 0 0 0 1
Turkey Ayfer Elmastaşoğlu 0 1 0 0 0 1
Belgium Urbain Braems 0 1 0 0 0 1
Scotland Graeme Souness 0 1 0 0 0 1
Germany Holger Osieck 0 1 0 0 0 1
Turkey Hikmet Karaman 0 1 0 0 0 1
Turkey Ziya Doğan 0 1 0 0 0 1
Romania Gheorghe Hagi 0 1 0 0 0 1
Turkey Tolunay Kafkas 0 1 0 0 0 1
Turkey Tayfur Havutçu 0 1 0 0 0 1
Italy Roberto Mancini 0 1 0 0 0 1
Turkey İsmail Kartal 0 0 1 0 0 1
Turkey Ömer Kaner 0 0 1 0 0 1
Germany Michael Skibbe 0 0 1 0 0 1

The figures in bold represent the most times this competition has been won by a manager.

All-Time Table (1959-present)

The overall performances of 68 participant football clubs since the establishment of Süper Lig in 1959 are as follows:[8] [9][10] In this ranking 3 points are awarded for a win, 1 for a draw, and 0 for a loss, although the Süper Lig awarded 2 points for a win until the 1987–88 season.

As of 28 December 2015
Pos. Team Number
of
Seasons		 Last
Season		 Points Points
per
Match		 Pld Won Drawn Lost GF GA Dif. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
1 Fenerbahçe 58 2015–16 3751 1,984 1891 1085 496 310 3340 1613 1727 19 20 6 5
2 Galatasaray 58 2015–16 3695 1,954 1891 1069 488 334 3294 1618 1676 20 10 16 2
3 Beşiktaş 58 2015–16 3563 1,886 1889 1012 527 350 3028 1574 1454 13 14 11 8
4 Trabzonspor 42 2015–16 2458 1,780 1381 693 379 309 2132 1287 845 6 8 8 7
5 Sivasspor 11 2015–16 500 1,377 363 135 95 133 499 501 -2 1 1
6 İst. Başakşehir 8 2015–16 359 1,375 261 99 62 100 342 341 1 1
7 Gaziantepspor 30 2015–16 1339 1,361 984 361 256 367 1222 1301 -79 2 4
8 Kayserispor 11 2015–16 493 1,358 363 133 94 136 473 458 15
9 Eskişehirspor 30 2015–16 1294 1,347 961 329 307 325 1088 1071 17 3 2 2
10 Bursaspor 47 2015–16 2049 1,344 1525 536 441 548 1829 1827 2 1 1 2
11 Sarıyer 13 1996–97 579 1,328 436 148 135 153 553 551 2 3
12 Malatyaspor 11 2005–06 504 1,313 384 134 102 148 507 544 -37 1
13 Gençlerbirliği 44 2015–16 1895 1,301 1457 486 437 534 1854 1914 -60 2
14 Akhisar Bld. 4 2015–16 153 1,286 119 40 33 46 145 167 -22
15 Kocaelispor 20 2008–09 859 1,274 674 225 184 265 858 934 -76 1
16 Göztepe 25 2002–03 984 1,262 780 245 249 286 827 910 -83 1 3
17 Altay 41 2002–03 1652 1,246 1326 413 413 500 1416 1608 -192 2 2
18 Ankaragücü 49 2011–12 2001 1,244 1608 511 468 629 1847 2123 -276 4
19 İstanbulspor 23 2004–05 940 1,243 756 237 229 290 855 945 -90 1
20 Boluspor 20 1991–92 791 1,240 638 192 215 231 637 709 -72 1 1
21 Samsunspor 30 2011–12 1213 1,223 992 319 256 417 1096 1315 -219 2 1
22 Zonguldakspor 14 1987–88 553 1,218 454 135 148 171 425 484 -59 1 1
23 Feriköy 9 1967–68 364 1,205 302 92 88 122 266 320 -54
24 Rizespor 16 2015–16 636 1,202 529 170 126 233 580 746 -166
25 Ank. Demirspor 13 1970–71 501 1,199 418 116 153 149 447 509 -62
26 İzmirspor 10 1968–69 389 1,193 326 93 110 123 312 385 -73 1
27 Denizlispor 19 2009–10 780 1,193 654 202 174 278 806 932 -126
28 Antalyaspor 20 2015–16 798 1,189 671 208 174 289 792 978 -186
29 Orduspor 11 2012–13 426 1,187 359 108 102 149 321 429 -108 1
30 Adanaspor 21 2003–04 794 1,185 670 196 206 268 738 887 -149 1 3
31 Beykozspor 8 1965–66 310 1,174 264 72 94 98 262 314 -52 1
32 Konyaspor 15 2015–16 566 1,172 483 146 128 209 567 735 -168
33 Mersin İ.Y. 15 2015–16 531 1,167 455 133 132 190 436 521 -85 1
34 Bakırköyspor 3 1992–93 105 1,167 90 28 21 41 131 135 -4
35 Aydınspor 3 1992–93 105 1,167 90 26 27 37 105 140 -35
36 Karagümrük 6 1983–84 210 1,154 182 53 51 78 207 236 -29
37 Karabükspor 8 2014–15 311 1,135 274 84 59 131 317 446 -129
38 Sakaryaspor 11 2006–07 431 1,134 380 114 89 177 452 586 -134
39 Karşıyaka 16 1995–96 597 1,131 528 152 141 235 533 750 -217
40 Kasımpaşa 12 2015–16 463 1,127 411 112 127 172 440 599 -159
41 Vefa 14 1973–74 473 1,121 422 110 143 169 364 514 -150
42 Yozgatspor 2 2001–02 76 1,118 68 19 19 30 101 113 -12
43 Türk Telekom 12 1972–73 425 1,107 384 97 134 153 352 467 -115
44 Giresunspor 6 1976–77 198 1,100 180 47 57 76 156 209 -53
45 Keçiörengücü 8 1967–68 277 1,099 252 67 76 109 243 334 -91
46 Manisaspor 6 2012–13 223 1,093 204 58 49 97 242 306 -64
47 Ad. Demirspor 17 1994–95 595 1,082 550 146 157 247 514 773 -259
48 Ç.Dardanelspor 3 1998–99 109 1,069 102 28 25 49 107 154 -47
49 Osmanlıspor 7 2015–16 235 1,063 221 58 61 102 232 338 -106
50 Altınordu 10 1969–70 353 1,063 332 84 101 147 310 445 -135
51 Beyoğluspor 2 1963–64 65 1,016 64 15 20 29 59 90 -31
52 K. Erciyesspor 13 2014–15 429 1,012 424 100 129 195 423 644 -221
53 Elazığspor 4 2013–14 136 1,000 136 35 31 70 146 246 -100
54 Şekerspor 10 1997–98 319 0,997 320 73 100 147 309 481 -172
55 Diyarbakırspor 11 2009–10 357 0,986 362 91 84 187 323 554 -231
56 Erzurumspor 3 2000–01 98 0,961 102 25 23 54 116 205 -89
57 Balıkesirspor 2 2014–15 61 0,953 64 15 16 33 66 108 -42
58 Yeşildirek 2 1962–63 55 0,948 58 13 16 29 51 94 -43
59 Hacettepe 2 2008–09 62 0,912 68 15 17 36 54 99 -45
60 Vanspor 5 1999–00 153 0,900 170 38 39 93 165 298 -133
61 A. Sebatspor 2 2004–05 61 0,897 68 14 19 35 85 131 -46
62 Zeytinburnuspor 5 1996–97 145 0,895 162 36 37 89 159 290 -131
63 Adalet 2 1959–60 45 0,865 52 10 15 27 38 69 -31
64 Petrolofisi 1 1994–95 29 0,853 34 8 5 21 38 73 -35
65 Kırıkkalespor 1 1978–79 23 0,767 30 5 8 17 21 64 -43
66 Bucaspor 1 2010–11 26 0,765 34 6 8 20 37 65 -28
67 Siirtspor 1 2000–01 24 0,706 34 6 6 22 47 81 -34
68 K. Maraşspor 1 1988–89 23 0,639 36 4 11 21 22 71 -49
Total 16576 11865 4711 11865 40759 40759 59 57 56 56
  Teams play in 2015–16 Süper Lig

Overall League Positions (1959-2015)

The overall list of league positions of 68 participant football clubs since the establishment of Süper Lig in 1959 are as follows:[8] In 1959 season no matches played for classification of league positions. Only final matches between group winners Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray are considered. Also in 1962-63 season there is no classification for the relegated clubs. Therefore, when calculating average position clubs with no rank are not counted.

As of 31 May 2015
Pos. Team Number
of
Seasons		 Last
Season		 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th No
Rank		 Ave.
Pos.
1 Fenerbahçe 57 2014-15 19 20 6 5 4 1 1 1 2,47
2 Galatasaray 57 2014-15 20 10 16 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2,75
3 Beşiktaş 57 2014-15 11 14 11 8 5 3 2 2 1 3,34
4 Trabzonspor 41 2014-15 6 8 8 7 4 3 2 2 1 3,85
5 Eskişehirspor 29 2014-15 3 2 2 3 3 2 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 8,28
6 Kayserispor 10 2013-14 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 8,40
7 Bursaspor 46 2014-15 1 1 2 5 9 5 5 7 2 4 1 1 2 1 8,70
8 Sivasspor 10 2014-15 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 9,10
9 Gaziantepspor 29 2014-15 2 4 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 2 1 9,17
10 Sarıyer 13 1996-97 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 9,23
11 Gençlerbirliği 43 2014-15 2 4 5 1 3 5 9 5 1 4 2 1 1 9,38
12 İst. Başakşehir 7 2014-15 1 1 1 1 2 1 9,43
13 Altay 41 2002-03 2 2 3 4 5 3 3 2 3 4 1 3 2 1 2 1 9,60
14 Göztepe 25 2002-03 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 2 1 9,92
15 Ankaragücü 49 2010-11 4 2 6 3 4 4 1 5 2 8 3 3 2 1 1 10,02
16 İstanbulspor 23 2004-05 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 4 1 1 10,27
17 Zonguldakspor 14 1987-88 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 10,29
18 Bakırköyspor 3 1992-93 1 1 1 10,33
Aydınspor 3 1992-93 1 1 1 10,33
20 Kocaelispor 20 2008-09 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 10,35
21 Malatyaspor 11 2005-06 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 10,45
22 Adanaspor 21 2003-04 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 10,52
23 Samsunspor 30 2011-12 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 3 3 1 1 3 4 1 1 10,63
24 Boluspor 20 1991-92 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 5 1 1 10,70
25 Ankara Demirspor 13 1970-71 1 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 11,00
Giresunspor 6 1976-77 1 1 1 2 1 11,00
Feriköy 9 1967-68 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 11,00
28 Mersin İ.Y. 14 2014-15 1 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 11,07
29 Konyaspor 14 2014-15 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 11,14
30 Osmanlıspor 6 2009-10 1 1 2 1 1 11,17
31 İzmirspor 10 1968-69 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 11,22
32 Denizlispor 19 2009-10 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 11,53
33 Akhisar Bld. 3 2014-15 1 1 1 12,00
Orduspor 11 2012-13 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 12,00
Türk Telekomspor 12 1972-73 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 12,00
36 Sakaryaspor 11 2006-07 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 12,18
37 Adana Demirspor 17 1994-95 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 12,24
38 Kasımpaşa 11 2014-15 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 12,27
39 Beykozspor 8 1965-66 1 1 1 1 3 1 12,43
40 Karşıyaka 16 1995-96 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 12,47
41 Karabükspor 8 2014-15 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 12,50
Vefa 14 1973-74 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 12,50
Yozgatspor 2 2001-02 1 1 12,50
44 Antalyaspor 19 2013-14 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 12,74
45 Karagümrük 6 1983-84 1 1 1 1 2 12,75
46 Keçiörengücü 8 1967-68 2 1 1 2 1 1 13,00
47 Çaykur Rizespor 15 2014-15 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 13,20
48 Manisaspor 6 2012-13 1 2 1 1 1 13,50
49 Diyarbakırspor 11 2009-10 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 13,91
50 Zeytinburnuspor 5 1996-97 1 1 1 1 1 14,20
51 K. Erciyesspor 13 2014-15 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 14,31
52 Ç. Dardanelspor 3 1998-99 1 1 1 14,33
53 Altınordu 10 1969-70 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 14,40
54 Hacettepe 2 2008-09 1 1 14,50
55 Erzurumspor 3 2000-01 1 1 1 14,67
56 Elazığspor 4 2013-14 2 1 1 15,00
Vanspor 5 1999-00 1 1 1 2 15,00
58 Şekerspor 10 1997-98 1 1 5 1 1 1 15,33
59 A. Sebatspor 2 2004-05 1 1 15,50
60 Kırıkkalespor 1 1978-79 1 16,00
Bucaspor 1 2010-11 1 16,00
Siirtspor 1 2000-01 1 16,00
63 Yeşildirek 2 1962-63 1 1 17,00
Balıkesirspor 2 2014-15 1 1 17,00
Petrolofisi 1 1994-95 1 17,00
66 Beyoğluspor 2 1963-64 1 1 17,50
67 Adalet 2 1959-60 1 1 18,00
Kahramanmaraşspor 1 1988-89 1 18,00
  Teams play in Süper Lig 2015-16 season..

Attendances

Attendance Records
Rank Attendance Stadium Date Game Information
1 79,414[11] Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı 31 July 2002 Galatasaray SK – Olympiacos CFP Highest attendance in Turkey
2 76,127[12] Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı 22 September 2013 Beşiktaş JK – Galatasaray SK Highest Süper Lig and BJK-GS attendance
3 72,059[13] Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı 25 May 2005 AC Milan – Liverpool F.C.
4 71,334[14] Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı 21 September 2003 Galatasaray SK – Fenerbahçe SK Highest Kıtalar Arası Derbi attendance
5 71,230[15] Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı 12 September 2006 Galatasaray SK – FC Girondins de Bordeaux
6 68,034 İzmir Atatürk Stadı 31 October 1976 Turkey – Malta Highest Turkish National Team attendance
7 67,696 İzmir Atatürk Stadı 16 May 1981 Karşıyaka SK – Göztepe S.K. Highest 2nd division attendance
8 66,701 İzmir Atatürk Stadı 21 January 1973 Galatasaray SK – Fenerbahçe SK
8 66,300[16] Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı 13 August 2003 Galatasaray SK – PFC CSKA
9 63,324[17] Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı 26 February 2015 Beşiktaş JK – Liverpool F.C.
10 62,620[18] Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı 9 August 2003 Galatasaray SK – Diyarbakırspor

See also

References

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External links

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=379
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 http://www.milliyet.com.tr/super-lig-in-rekorlari----1581940-skorerhaber/
  3. ↑ Lig TV
  4. ↑ Lig TV
  5. ↑ http://www.turkfutbolu.net/istatistik/futbolen.htm
  6. ↑ mackolik.com
  7. ↑ şte Süper Lig tarihinin en genç golcüleri Zaman Newspaper
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 http://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=545
  9. ↑ http://www.mackolik.com/Puan-Durumu
  10. ↑ Sivritepe, Erdinç All time table
  11. ↑ [1] 2006-07 UEFA CL Statistics handbook
  12. ↑ Olimpiyat'ta seyirci rekoru! Cumhuriyet newspaper
  13. ↑ Istanbul 2020 Olympic bid book Istanbul 2020 Olympic bid book
  14. ↑ [2] Galatasaray Magazine, 100th anniversary poster
  15. ↑ [3] UEFA Technical report 2006-2007
  16. ↑ [4] Milliyet Newspaper archive, 14.08.2013, page 27
  17. ↑ [5] UEFA facebook page
  18. ↑ [6] Milliyet Newspaper archive, 10.08.2013, page 31
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