Dalian Metro

Dalian Metro

Overview
Locale	Dalian, China
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	4 (2 urban metro lines + 2 suburban metro lines)
Number of stations	30 (urban metro only) 56 (including R2 and R3 line)
Daily ridership	145,000 (2012 Daily Avg.) 200,000 (Peak Record)
Annual ridership	103.83 million (2014)
Operation
Began operation	2003
Operator(s)	Dalian Public Transportation Group Co. Ltd. (Line R2 and R3) Dalian Metro Co. Ltd. (Line M1 & M2)
Technical
System length	141 km (88 mi)
System map

Dalian Mass Transit System
Simplified Chinese	大连轨道交通
Traditional Chinese	大連軌道交通
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Dàlián Gǔidào Jiāotōng
Dalian Metro
Simplified Chinese	大连地铁
Traditional Chinese	大連地鐵
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Dàlián Dìtiě
Dalian Rapid Transit (DRT)
Simplified Chinese	大连快轨
Traditional Chinese	大連快軌
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Dàlián Kuàiguǐ

The Dalian Metro or Dalian Rapid Transit is a rapid transit system in the city of Dalian, Liaoning, China. The metro opened on 1 May 2003. The system currently in operation consists of 4 lines: Line 1 (M1), Line 2 (M2), Line R2 (Route 202 Extension), and Line 3 (R3).

History

After 1950, Dalian faced a high rate of population growth. Due to its location, cultural heritage and transportation it attracted native and foreign people, leading to an increasing number of automobiles and buses. The traffic created a problem for the trams, and the transport authority decided to greatly reduce the tram network. Eight tram routes were closed, one by one, before 1980. By then, over-dependence on automobiles and buses caused traffic and environmental problems. The tram network had been reduced to three routes; opening old routes was impossible, since almost all of those routes were already occupied by bus traffic. Mindful of the problems between trams and buses, the transport authority tried a solution merge both types of transport: the trolleybus. Trolleybuses run on electricity and do not cause air pollution; however, they use existing roads (already congested with motor-vehicle traffic). Therefore, expansion of the trolleybus network was impractical. At that time, a subway system was proposed. After overcoming financial and political obstacles, construction began on the first line in September 2000. October 2002 saw the trial opening of the first line, which was put into full operation in May 2003. Trial runs of the San Haoxian branch began in June 2008; December 28 marked the beginning of full passenger operation.

Network

Map of Dalian Metro

Line	Terminals (District)		Opened	Newest Extension	Length km	Stations	Operator
(M1)	Yaojia (Ganjingzi)	Fuguojie (Shahekou)	2015	—	16.5	13
(M2)	Jichang (Ganjingzi)	Huiyizhongxin (Zhongshan)	2015	—	20.70	17
Sub-Total (urban metro only)					37.2 km	30
(Tram Route 202 Extension Line)	Hekou (Shahekou)	Lüshunxingang (Lüshunkou)	2013	—	40.38	8
(R3) (Jinzhou Eastern Line)	Dalian Railway Station (Zhongshan)	Jinshitan(Jinzhou) Jiuli(Jinzhou)	2003	2008	63.45	18
Grand Total					141	56

Line 2 (M2)

Main article: Line 2, Dalian Metro

Qingniwaqiao Station of Line 2

Metro platform of Line 2

Line 2 (M2), opened in 2015 currently in trial operation, connects east central Dalian with west central Dalian. The total length is 42.56 kilometers, with 29 underground stations. The line is "C" shaped.

Line R2

Main article: Line R2, Dalian Metro

Line 8, officially known as Tram Route 202 Extension Line, was opened in 2013 and connects central Dalian with Lüshunkou. The total length is 40.38 km² with eight stations from west to east. This line begins at Lüshunxingang Station and stretches east ending at Hekou Station, which is the future interchange station with Line 2 (M2).

Line 3 (R3)

Main article: Line 3, Dalian Metro

Line 3 (R3), also known as Jinzhou Eastern Line, connects the Dalian Development Zone and Jinshitan with Dalian city center. It is a serpentine line, mostly elevated or at grade, and runs from the Dalian Railway Station to Jinshitan Station. The northern area of the city, where the Economic and Technology Development Zone is located, is not well-served by buses. The metro line beginning at the downtown commercial center (near the Dalian railway station) runs through five administrative districts of the city and serves as an express transport between the northern (developing) region and the downtown area. The line extends northward to Golden Pebble Beach (Jinshitan Scenic Area), a national scenic park 50 km (31 mi) from the city center. A branch route was open on 2008 and this line connects central Dalian with Jinzhou with 14.3 km² with seven station from south to north. This line begins at Kaifuqu Station and stretches northwest ending at Jiuli Station.

All stations have side platforms. Tracks in the platform area have no ballast (gravel); however, tracks outside the station are on ballast. All stations are covered by a combination of transparent corrugated sheets and a concrete roof.

Alignment and interchanges

Both Line 3 (R3) are almost completely at grade or above ground; 13.89 kilometres (8.63 mi) is elevated, 1.123 kilometres (0.698 mi) is underground and 31.39 kilometres (19.50 mi) is at grade. Six stations are elevated, and the remainder are at grade. Transfers to trams and suburban trains are possible at the Railway Station stop.

Lines under construction and future expansions

Lines under construction

Line	Phase/extension	Terminals		Operational by	Total Length in km	Stations
(M1)	Phase II	Hekou	Fuguojie	~2016	8.5	20
(M2)	Phase II North and East	Jichang	Dalianbei Station	~2016	42.56	29
(R4) (Jinzhou–Puwan Intercity Railway)		Jiuli	Zhenxinglu	TBA	41.9	11

Dalian Metro master plan

Line 1 (M1)

This line will run from Phoenix Peak to the Development Zone. Proposed stations are Phoenix Peak (interchange with the Line 3 branch), Sidalindajie, Wuyilu, Sujia, Maoyingzi, Houguan, Yaojia, Nanguanling Rail Station (interchange with Line 2), Zhonghuaguangzhang, Dongweilu (interchange with Line 4), Shahekou, Xianlu (interchange with Line 2), Convention and Exhibition Center, Heishijiao, Xueyuanguangchang, Xinghai Park, Maritime University, Gaoxinyuanqu, Hekou, Huangnichuan, Longwangtan, College Town, Shuishiying (interchange with Line 4), Shibanqiao, Tieshanzhen and the Development Zone. A branch will be constructed from Wuyilu to Jinbohaian. There will be one station in between (Jinzhou West). The line will be constructed in three phases. Phase one will run from Yaojia to the Convention and Exhibition Centre, phase two to Hekou and the remainder in phase three. After the completion of this line, there will be tram and metro service from Shahekou to Hekou.

Line 2 (M2)

This line will run from Houyan to Donghaigongyuan. Proposed stations are Houyan, Nanguanling Rail Station (interchange with Line 1), Sports Centre, Gezhenbu, Qiange, Airport, Zhangqianlu, Xinggongjie, Malanguangchang, Xianlu (interchange with Line 1), Dalian Railway Station (interchange with Line 3), Shengliguangchang, Gangwanguangchang and Donghaigongyuan. The line will be constructed in two phases: phase one from Airport to Gangwanguangchang, and the remainder in phase two.

2014-2020 expansion plan

Line	Phase/extension	Terminals		Operational by	Total Length in km	Stations
(R4) (Jinzhou–Puwan Intercity Railway)	Extension Line	Dalianbei Railway Station	Shijiuju	TBA	22.0	6
Line 4 (M4)		Yingchengzi	Longtoushi	TBA	27.0	20
Line 5 (M5)		Hutanxinqu	Houguancun	TBA	24.0	18
Line 7 (M7)		Baiheshanzhuang	Gangwanguangchang	TBA	16.0	17
(M1)	North	Yaojia	New Airport	TBA	13.0	4
Line R1 (Jinzhou Western Line)		Yingchengzi	Shimao	TBA	14.0	4

Long-term plan

• Line R6
• Line R7
• Line R9
• Line R10
• Line M6
• Line M8
• Line M9
• Line M10

Pending

• Line M3
• Line R8

Tickets

One-way ticket for Line 3

The lowest fare between two stations is one yuan; the fare between more than two stations is two yuan. The full fare between Dalian Station and Golden Pebble Beach is eight yuan; between Dalian Station and Jiuli the fare is seven yuan. The Pearl Card is a discounted, monthly smart card.

Rolling stock

The trains were developed and manufactured by DLoco, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company. As of 2012, 10 trains are running on line 3 at an average speed of 60 km/h (37 miles/hr).

Specification

• 1500 volts DC voltage
• Train length: 78 meters
• Train width 2.8 metres (9 ft 2 in)
• Train height 3.8 metres (12 ft)
• Axle load: 14 tons
• Capacity: 800 passengers (176 seated)
• Seats: 176
• Traction power for AC drive: 1,440 kilowatts (180 kW × 8)
• Maximum speed: 100 km per hour
• Full range of cars equipped with 20 seats (FG0001-0020—includes 0001-0010 as the first batch, 0011-0020 for the second batch; two groups of slightly-different vehicles)

Dalian Metro ordered 38 type B trainsets in six-car formations. 18 and 20 sets will run on the future lines 1 and 2 respectively. They will have a similar lightweight, corrosion-resistant stainless-steel body. The design speed is set to 80 km per hour; each train will have a capacity of 1,440 passengers.

Future plans

In 2009 the Dalian government announced plans for nine metro lines spanning a total of 262.9 kilometres (163.4 mi), which would include the existing Line 3 and Line 7 (are the only lines to be completed, as of 2012). The completion date for the other two lines has been scheduled for 2012, but no date has been announced yet for the remainder. Four lines have been finalized, as of 2012. The expansion project (in accordance with Chinese standards for the design and construction of metros) will use around 70 percent local labor and materials. Trains will be equipped with ATO, and stations will use an automatic fare-collection system. When lines open, they will initially operate at 38,000 p/h/d; over time, with the addition of more trains and decreasing headway, a capacity of 43,200 p/h/d is planned. The expansion program will ease traffic in Dalian (improving travel around the city for the 12th National Games of China, which will be held in Liaoning in 2013).

According to a National Development and Reform Foundation (2009) document, the urban rail transit construction plan (2009–2016) in Dalian was approved. According to the plan, the Dalian transit project is expected to invest ¥22 billion from 2009 to 2016 to build lines one through five.

On July 25, 2009, the Dalian Metro groundbreaking ceremony was held at Harbor Square for metro lines one and two. The project's total investment is more than ¥220 billion; it includes the east port, the airport, South Guanling and the estuaries, and is planned to open by the end of 2012. As of November 2009 the Academy Square to the Maritime University, China Spring Station Square to test section two, and portions of lines one and two are in operation.

• Line 4 (M4): This line will run from Houyan to Lvshun. Proposed stations are Houyan, Zhonghualu, Dashihua, Ganjingzi, Jinjiajie (interchange with Line 3), Dongweilu (interchange with Line 1), Airport (interchange with Line 3), Dongjia, Youjia, Muchengyi, Yingchengzi, Shanjianbu, Shuishiying (interchange with Line 4), Sanliqiao, Bus Station and Lvshun. The line will also be constructed in two phases: phase one from Jinjiajie to Yingchengzi, and the remainder in phase two.

• Line 5 (M5): This line will run from Dalian Railway Station to Hutanxinqu. Proposed stations are Dalian Railway Station (interchange with Line 3), Changchunlu, Qingyunjie, Bayilu, Medical University and Hutanxinqu. The line will be constructed in the second phase.

See also

• List of metro systems
• Rapid transit in China
• Dalian Tram

External links

• UrbanRail.net's page on the Dalian Metro