Cytomegalovirus vaccine
A Cytomegalovirus vaccine is a vaccine to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or to prevent it re-activation in those who are already infected. As of 2014 no such a vaccine exists, although a number of vaccine candidates are under investigation. They include recombinant protein, live attenuated, DNA and other vaccines.[1][2]
As a member of the TORCH complex, cytomegalovirus can cause congenital infection, which can lead to neurological problems, vision and hearing loss. Infection/re-activation of CMV in immuno-compromised persons, including organ transplantation recipients, causes significant mortality and morbidity. Because of all these, there has been considerable effort made towards the development of a vaccine, with particular emphasis on protection of pregnant women.[3] Since vaccination of the immunocompromised persons introduces additional challenges, members of this population are less likely to be candidates for such a vaccine.[4][1]
Development of such a vaccine has been emphasized as a priority by the National Vaccine Program Office in the United States.[5][6]
Recombinant gB subunit vaccine
A phase 2 study of a recombinant gB subunit CMV-vaccine published in 2009 indicated an efficacy of 50% in seronegative women of childbearing age—thus the protection provided was limited and a number of subjects contracted CMV infection despite the vaccination. In one case congenital CMV was encountered.[7][1]
Another phase 2 study of the same vaccine was done in patients awaiting kidney transplantation. The vaccine significantly boosted the antibody levels and reduced the duration of post-transplantation viremia.[1]
Further research
In 2013, Astellas Pharma has started on individuals who received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant a phase 3 trial with its CMV deoxyribonucleic acid DNA cytomegalovirus vaccine ASP0113.[8]
In 2015, Astellas Pharma has commenced on healthy volunteers a phase 1 trial with its cytomegalovirus vaccine ASP0113.[9]
References
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