Cheyne Beach Whaling Station
Cheyne Beach Whaling Station also known as Cheynes Beach Whaling Station is a defunct whaling station that now operates as a tourist park known as Discovery Bay. The station is situated in Frenchman Bay in King George Sound and was initially built in the 1950s, operating until its closure in 1980.[1]
The station takes its name from Cheynes Beach, a small coastal community located approximately 65 kilometres (40 mi) east of Albany and surrounded by Waychinicup National Park.[2]
History
Whalers had been recorded at Cheynes Beach in the 1840s with a commercial fishing operation being established there in 1920.[2] Whaling recommenced there in the early 1950s and the Cheynes Beach Whaling Company was formed by a family syndicate of eight fishermen. The syndicate was headed by two Albany men, G. R. Birss and C. Westerberg, who expected to outlay £20,000 on the venture.[3] The business was relocated to the Frenchman Bay site shortly afterward.[2]
Quotas were set for humpback whales in 1951,[4] but the station was established at the Frenchman Bay site in 1952.[5] The industrial facility was built to process whales caught in the area and is composed of a number of large steel and concrete sheds and workshops, smaller timber-framed offices and amenities buildings along with tanks and boilers.[5] Much of the station was constructed from old mining equipment along with a alcohol distillation plant from Collie.[6] The flensing deck was built over a natural rock slipway with steam winches installed further up the shore to haul the carcasses onto the deck. The initial quota for the first year was 50 humpback whales.[7]
The station produced a total of 500 long tons (508 t) of whale oil during the 1953 season. The oil was loaded aboard the Norwegian boat Toulouse ferried by the chaser Cheynes from the station to the boat.[8]
In 1954 the station loaded over 1,000 long tons (1,016 t) of whale oil, product of 120 whales or the entire season, directly onto the Norwegian ship Tiber using the station chaser Cheynes again. The oil had an estimated worth of £100,000.[9]
The company slowly continued to grow and in 1957 purchased a second chaser Cheynes II.[6]
Following a disastrous season in 1962 with record low catches the International Whaling Commission ended whaling of humpbacks from Antarctic stocks so the company commenced hunting sperm whales instead. The enterprise remained profitable with the company recording a net profit of A$100,362 in 1969 that grew to A$304,329 in 1970. The higher profits were due to a record catch of sperm whales at the station, 764 in total, and unprecedented world demand for oil.[10] The company employed over 100 staff, and the oil was being used by NASA and to make Swiss watches.[11] Whaling continued from the station until 1978 when the last whale was legally caught in Australian waters.[4][12]
A total of 1136 humpbacks and 14,695 sperm whales were caught from the station between 1952 and 1978.[11]
The Cheynes Beach Whaling Company closed in 1979 and the site was given to Jaycees Community Foundation in 1980. The Foundation converted the station to a museum named Whaleworld using government and private funding.[5] Whaleworld was officially opened in May 1985.[13]
See also
References
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