Caldwell catalogue

Montage of Caldwell Catalogue objects.

The Caldwell Catalogue is an astronomical catalog of 109 star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies for observation by amateur astronomers. The list was compiled by Patrick Moore as a complement to the Messier Catalogue.^[1]

While the Messier Catalogue is used by amateur astronomers as a list of deep-sky objects for observation, Moore noted that Mesier's list did not include many of the sky's brightest deep-sky objects,^[1] such as the Hyades, the Double Cluster (NGC 869 and NGC 884), and the Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253). Moore also observed that since Messier compiled his list from observations in Paris, it did not include bright deep-sky objects visible in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Omega Centauri, Centaurus A, the Jewel Box, and 47 Tucanae.^[1]^[2] Moore compiled a list of 109 objects – to match the commonly accepted number of Messier objects (110 minus the duplicate 102 acknowledged by Méchain)^[1] – and the list was published in Sky & Telescope in December 1995.^[3]

Moore used his other surname (Caldwell) to name the list, as the first letter of "Moore" is already used for the Messier Catalogue.^[1]^[4] Entries in the catalogue are designated with a "C" and the catalogue number (1 to 109).

Unlike objects in the Messier catalogue, which are listed roughly in the order of discovery by Messier and his colleagues,^[5] the Caldwell catalogue is ordered by declination, with C1 being the most northerly and C109 being the most southerly,^[1] although two objects (NGC 4244 and the Hyades) are listed out of sequence.^[1] Other errors in the original list have since been corrected: it incorrectly identified the S Norma Cluster (NGC 6087) as NGC 6067 and incorrectly labelled the Lambda Centauri Cluster (IC 2944) as the Gamma Centauri Cluster.^[1]

Caldwell Star Chart

Number of objects by type in the Caldwell catalogue.

Dark nebulae	1
Galaxy	35
Globular clusters	18
Nebulae	9
Star Clusters	25
Star Clusters and Nebulae	6
Planetary Nebulae	13
Supernova remnant	2
Total	109

Caldwell objects

Key

Star cluster
Nebula
Galaxy

1–10

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C1	NGC 188		Open Cluster	4.8	Cepheus	8.1
C2	NGC 40	Bow-Tie Nebula	Planetary Nebula	3.5	Cepheus	11
C3	NGC 4236		Galaxy	7,000	Draco	9.7
C4	NGC 7023	Iris Nebula	Open Cluster and Nebula	1.4	Cepheus	7
C5	IC 342		Galaxy	10,000	Camelopardalis	9
C6	NGC 6543	Cat's Eye Nebula	Planetary Nebula	3	Draco	9
C7	NGC 2403		Galaxy	14,000	Camelopardalis	8.4
C8	NGC 559		Open Cluster	3.7	Cassiopeia	9.5
C9	Sh2-155	Cave Nebula	Nebula	2.8	Cepheus	7.7
C10	NGC 663		Open Cluster	7.2	Cassiopeia	7.1

11–20

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C11	NGC 7635	Bubble Nebula	Nebula	7.1	Cassiopeia	-
C12	NGC 6946	Fireworks Galaxy	Galaxy	18,000	Cepheus	8.9
C13	NGC 457	Owl Cluster, E.T. Cluster	Open Cluster	-	Cassiopeia	6.4
C14	NGC 869 & NGC 884	Double Cluster, H & χ Persei	Open Cluster	7.3	Perseus	4
C15	NGC 6826	Blinking Planetary	Planetary Nebula	2.2	Cygnus	10
C16	NGC 7243		Open Cluster	2.5	Lacerta	6.4
C17	NGC 147		Galaxy	2,300	Cassiopeia	9.3
C18	NGC 185		Galaxy	2,300	Cassiopeia	9.2
C19	IC 5146	Cocoon Nebula	Open Cluster and Nebula	3.3	Cygnus	7.2
C20	NGC 7000	North America Nebula	Nebula	1.8	Cygnus	4

21–30

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C21	NGC 4449		Galaxy	10,000	Canes Venatici	9.4
C22	NGC 7662	Blue Snowball	Planetary Nebula	3.2	Andromeda	9
C23	NGC 891		Galaxy	31,000	Andromeda	10
C24	NGC 1275	Perseus A	Galaxy	230,000	Perseus	11.6
C25	NGC 2419		Globular Cluster	275	Lynx	10.4
C26	NGC 4244		Galaxy	10,000	Canes Venatici	10.2
C27	NGC 6888	Crescent Nebula	Nebula	4.7	Cygnus	7.4
C28	NGC 752		Open Cluster	1.2	Andromeda	5.7
C29	NGC 5005		Galaxy	69,000	Canes Venatici	9.8
C30	NGC 7331		Galaxy	47,000	Pegasus	9.5

31–40

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C31	IC 405	Flaming Star Nebula	Nebula	1.6	Auriga	-
C32	NGC 4631	Whale Galaxy	Galaxy	22,000	Canes Venatici	9.3
C33	NGC 6992	East Veil Nebula	Supernova Remnant	2.5	Cygnus	-
C34	NGC 6960	West Veil Nebula	Supernova Remnant	2.5	Cygnus	-
C35	NGC 4889		Galaxy	300,000	Coma Berenices	11.4
C36	NGC 4559		Galaxy	32,000	Coma Berenices	9.9
C37	NGC 6885		Open Cluster	1.95	Vulpecula	6
C38	NGC 4565	Needle Galaxy	Galaxy	32,000	Coma Berenices	9.6
C39	NGC 2392	Eskimo Nebula/Clown Face Nebula	Planetary Nebula	4	Gemini	10
C40	NGC 3626		Galaxy	86,000	Leo	10.9

41–50

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C41	Mel 25	Hyades	Open Cluster	0.151	Taurus	0.5
C42	NGC 7006		Globular Cluster	135	Delphinus	10.6
C43	NGC 7814		Galaxy	49,000	Pegasus	10.5
C44	NGC 7479		Galaxy	106,000	Pegasus	11
C45	NGC 5248		Galaxy	74,000	Boötes	10.2
C46	NGC 2261	Hubble's Variable Nebula	Nebula	2.5	Monoceros	-
C47	NGC 6934		Globular Cluster	57	Delphinus	8.9
C48	NGC 2775		Galaxy	55,000	Cancer	10.3
C49	NGC 2237	Rosette Nebula	Nebula	4.9	Monoceros	9.0
C50	NGC 2244		Open Cluster	4.9	Monoceros	4.8

51–60

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C51	IC 1613		Galaxy	2,300	Cetus	9.3
C52	NGC 4697		Galaxy	76,000	Virgo	9.3
C53	NGC 3115	Spindle Galaxy	Galaxy	22,000	Sextans	9.2
C54	NGC 2506		Open Cluster	10	Monoceros	7.6
C55	NGC 7009	Saturn Nebula	Planetary Nebula	1.4	Aquarius	8
C56	NGC 246		Planetary Nebula	1.6	Cetus	8
C57	NGC 6822	Barnard's Galaxy	Galaxy	2,300	Sagittarius	9
C58	NGC 2360		Open Cluster	3.7	Canis Major	7.2
C59	NGC 3242	Ghost of Jupiter	Planetary Nebula	1.4	Hydra	9
C60	NGC 4038	Antennae Galaxies	Galaxy	83,000	Corvus	10.7

61–70

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C61	NGC 4039	Antennae Galaxies	Galaxy	83,000	Corvus	13
C62	NGC 247		Galaxy	6,800	Cetus	8.9
C63	NGC 7293	Helix Nebula	Planetary Nebula	0.522	Aquarius	7.3
C64	NGC 2362		Open Cluster and Nebula	5.1	Canis Major	4.1
C65	NGC 253	Sculptor Galaxy	Galaxy	9,800	Sculptor	7.1
C66	NGC 5694		Globular Cluster	113	Hydra	10.2
C67	NGC 1097		Galaxy	47,000	Fornax	9.3
C68	NGC 6729	R CrA Nebula	Nebula	0.424	Corona Australis	-
C69	NGC 6302	Bug Nebula	Planetary Nebula	5.2	Scorpius	13
C70	NGC 300		Galaxy	3,900	Sculptor	9

71–80

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C71	NGC 2477		Open Cluster	3.7	Puppis	5.8
C72	NGC 55		Galaxy	4,200	Sculptor	8
C73	NGC 1851		Globular Cluster	39.4	Columba	7.3
C74	NGC 3132	Eight Burst Nebula	Planetary Nebula	2	Vela	8
C75	NGC 6124		Open Cluster	1.5	Scorpius	5.8
C76	NGC 6231		Open Cluster and Nebula	6	Scorpius	2.6
C77	NGC 5128	Centaurus A	Galaxy	16,000	Centaurus	7
C78	NGC 6541		Globular Cluster	22.3	Corona Australis	6.6
C79	NGC 3201		Globular Cluster	17	Vela	6.8
C80	NGC 5139	Omega Centauri	Globular Cluster	17.3	Centaurus	3.7

81–90

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C81	NGC 6352		Globular Cluster	18.6	Ara	8.2
C82	NGC 6193		Open Cluster	4.3	Ara	5.2
C83	NGC 4945		Galaxy	17,000	Centaurus	9
C84	NGC 5286		Globular Cluster	36	Centaurus	7.6
C85	IC 2391	Omicron Velorum Cluster	Open Cluster	0.5	Vela	2.5
C86	NGC 6397		Globular Cluster	7.5	Ara	5.7
C87	NGC 1261		Globular Cluster	55.5	Horologium	8.4
C88	NGC 5823		Open Cluster	3.4	Circinus	7.9
C89	NGC 6087^{[note 1]}	S Norma Cluster	Open Cluster	3.3	Norma	5.4
C90	NGC 2867		Planetary Nebula	5.5	Carina	10

↑ C89 was mistakenly written as NGC 6067 in the original, but its description is that of NGC 6087.

91–100

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C91	NGC 3532	Wishing Well Cluster	Open Cluster	1.6	Carina	3
C92	NGC 3372	Eta Carinae Nebula	Nebula	7.5	Carina	3
C93	NGC 6752		Globular Cluster	13	Pavo	5.4
C94	NGC 4755	Jewel Box	Open Cluster	4.9	Crux	4.2
C95	NGC 6025		Open Cluster	2.5	Triangulum Australe	5.1
C96	NGC 2516		Open Cluster	1.3	Carina	3.8
C97	NGC 3766	Pearl Cluster	Open Cluster	5.8	Centaurus	5.3
C98	NGC 4609		Open Cluster	4.2	Crux	6.9
C99	-	Coalsack Nebula	Dark Nebula	0.61	Crux	-
C100	IC 2944	Lambda Centauri Nebula	Open Cluster and Nebula	6	Centaurus	4.5

101–109

Caldwell number	NGC number	Common name	Object type	Distance to object in thousands of light years	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
C101	NGC 6744		Galaxy	34,000	Pavo	9
C102	IC 2602	Theta Car Cluster	Open Cluster	0.492	Carina	1.9
C103	NGC 2070	Tarantula Nebula	Open Cluster and Nebula	170	Dorado	8.2
C104	NGC 362		Globular Cluster	27.7	Tucana	6.6
C105	NGC 4833		Globular Cluster	19.6	Musca	7.4
C106	NGC 104	47 Tucanae	Globular Cluster	14.7	Tucana	4
C107	NGC 6101		Globular Cluster	49.9	Apus	9.3
C108	NGC 4372		Globular Cluster	18.9	Musca	7.8
C109	NGC 3195		Planetary Nebula	5.4	Chamaeleon	11.6

References

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External links

[6] C89 was mistakenly written as NGC 6067 in the original, but its description is that of NGC 6087.

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[1]

[2]

[3]

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[5]

[note 1]

v t e Caldwell catalogue
List	C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 C38 C39 C40 C41 C42 C43 C44 C45 C46 C47 C48 C49 C50 C51 C52 C53 C54 C55 C56 C57 C58 C59 C60 C61 C62 C63 C64 C65 C66 C67 C68 C69 C70 C71 C72 C73 C74 C75 C76 C77 C78 C79 C80 C81 C82 C83 C84 C85 C86 C87 C88 C89 C90 C91 C92 C93 C94 C95 C96 C97 C98 C99 C100 C101 C102 C103 C104 C105 C106 C107 C108 C109
See also	Messier Catalogue Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars New General Catalogue Index Catalogue Revised New General Catalogue Herschel 400 Catalogue
Book:Caldwell catalogue Category:Caldwell objects Portal:Astronomy Commons:Caldwell objects

Caldwell catalogue

Contents

Caldwell Star Chart

Number of objects by type in the Caldwell catalogue.

Caldwell objects

Key

1–10

11–20

21–30

31–40

41–50

51–60

61–70

71–80

81–90

91–100

101–109

See also

References

External links

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