CHAYKA

File:Chayka pulse.svg

Chayka pulse

Chayka (Russian: Чайка, lit. "seagull") is a Russian terrestrial radio navigation system, similar to LORAN-C. It operates on similar frequencies around 100 kHz, and uses the same techniques of comparing both the envelope and the signal phase to accurately determine location. The systems differ primarily in details.

Chayka-Chains

File:GRI8000.jpg

At the hill - RSDN-3/10, Crimea

Chayka, like LORAN-C, uses different pulse repetition frequencies (GRIs) to allow the identification of different stations operating on the same frequencies.

There are 5 Chayka chains in use:

• GRI 8000 — Western (European) Russia Chayka Chain (1969, RSDN-3/10)
• GRI 7950 — Eastern Russia Chayka Chain (1986, RSDN-4)
• GRI 5980 — Russian-American Chayka Chain (1995)
• GRI 5960 — Northern Chayka Chain (1996, RSDN-5)
• GRI 4970 — North-Western Chayka Chain
• And also North-Caucasian, South-Ural (GRI 5970), Siberian, Angarsk, Sayansk, Transbaikalian, Far East chains deployed on the basis of low-power mobile stations RSDN-10.

Chayka Transmitters

The following Chayka transmitters work with very high power and may use very tall mast antennas (similar to LORAN-C transmitters). The masts at Dudinka and Taymylyr (demolished in 2009) were 460 metres high.

GRI 8000

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Karachev (44 km from Bryansk)				450
W/1	Petrozavodsk		13217.21	10000	700
X/2	Slonim (Belarus)		27125.00	25000	450
Y/3	Simferopol (Crimea)		53070.25	50000	550
Z/4	Syzran		67941.60	65000	700

GRI 7950

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky				700
W/1	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky		14506.5	11000	700
X/2	Ussuriysk		33678.0	30000	700
Y/3	Tokachibuto (Japan)		49104.15	46000	600
Z/4	Okhotsk		64102.05	61000	10

GRI 5980

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky				700
W/1	Attu Island (USA)		14506.5	11000	400
X/2	Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky		31506.5	28000	700

GRI 5960

(No longer in service)

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Dudinka				1200
W/1	Taymylyr				1200
X/2	Pankratiev Island				250
Y/3	Inta				1200

GRI 4970

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Inta				1200
W/1	Tumanny
X/2	Pankratiev Island				250

GRI 5970

#	Place	Coordinates	Emission delay, μs	Coding delay, μs	Transmission power, kW
M	Yuzhno-Uralsk
W/1	Yekaterinburg		15895,1	15000
X/2	Kurgan		30939,5	30000

See also

• LORAN, the Western counterpart of Chayka
• Alpha, the Russian counterpart of the Omega Navigation System, still in use as of 2006.
• OMEGA, the Western counterpart of the Alpha Navigation System, no longer in use.
• Russian 460 metre radio mast