Bone morphogenetic protein 2

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Lua error in Module:Infobox_gene at line 33: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins.[1]

Function

BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic proteins,[2] plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. It is involved in the hedgehog pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, and in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. It is also involved in cardiac cell differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

BMP-2 and BMP-7 are osteoinductive BMPs: they have been demonstrated to potently induce osteoblast differentiation in a variety of cell types.[3]

Interactions

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has been shown to interact with BMPR1A.[4][5][6][7]

Clinical use and complications

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See also: Bone morphogenetic protein § Clinical uses

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is shown to stimulate the production of bone.[8][9] Recombinant human protein (rhBMP-2) is currently available for orthopaedic usage in the United States.[10] Implantation of BMP-2 is performed using a variety of biomaterial carriers ("metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites"[11]) and delivery systems ("hydrogel, microsphere, nanoparticles, and fibers"[11]). While used primarily in orthopedic procedures such as spinal fusion,[12][13] BMP-2 has also found its way into the field of dentistry.[14][15][16]

The use of dual tapered threaded fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge obtained and maintained intervertebral spinal fusion, improved clinical outcomes, and reduced pain after anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis in patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease.[12] As an adjuvant to allograft bone or as a replacement for harvested autograft, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) appear to improve fusion rates after spinal arthrodesis in both animal models and humans, while reducing the donor-site morbidity previously associated with such procedures.[13]

A study published in 2011 noted "reports of frequent and occasionally catastrophic complications associated with use of [BMP-2] in spinal fusion surgeries", with a level of risk far in excess of estimates reported in earlier studies.[17][18] An additional review by Agrawal and Sinha of BMP-2 and its common delivery systems in early 2016 showed how "problems like ectopic growth, lesser protein delivery, [and] inactivation of the protein" reveal a further need "to modify the available carrier systems as well as explore other biomaterials with desired properties."[11]

References

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Further reading

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External links

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