Ardh Satya

Ardh Satya
DVD cover
Directed by	Govind Nihalani
Produced by	Manmohan Shetty Pradeep Uppoor
Written by	Vasant Dev (dialogues)
Screenplay by	Vijay Tendulkar
Story by	D. A. Panwalker
Based on	Short story Surya by S.D. Panwalkar
Starring	Om Puri Smita Patil Amrish Puri Shafi Inamdar Naseeruddin Shah Sadashiv Amrapurkar
Music by	Ajit Verman
Cinematography	Govind Nihalani
Edited by	Renu Saluja
Release dates	19 August 1983 (1983-08-19) (India)
Running time	130 minutes
Country	India
Language	Hindi

Ardh Satya (Hindi: अर्ध सत्य; Half Truth) is a 1983 film directed by Govind Nihalani, his second offering after another angst-ridden movie Aakrosh (1980). The screenplay of both movies was by Vijay Tendulkar, the noted Marathi playwright; this one was based on the short story, 'Surya', by S.D.Panvalkar, and featured dialogues by Vasant Dev.

In this acclaimed cop-drama, the protagonist, played by Om Puri, is a policeman struggling with the evils around him and with his own frailties. The film also stars Amrish Puri, Smita Patil, Naseeruddin Shah, and Sadashiv Amrapurkar, and features a theme poem by the Marathi writer Dilip Chitre.

Ardh Satya won many awards and went on to become a landmark film in Indian film history. It is still considered to be one of the best cop films made in India. A sequel titled Party was released in 1984.

Plot

The film opens at a party where Anant Welankar (Om Puri), a police officer, meets Jyotsna Gokhale (Smita Patil), a lecturer in literature at a local college. Anant is a sub-inspector with Bombay police. They seem to hit it off despite some initial skirmishing about ideology, and the friendship blossoms into a relationship.

Anant brings diligence, enthusiasm and a definite idealism to his job. But the job is harsh. There is a deep nexus between the local mafia, the cops and the (corrupt) politicians. Honest himself, Anant falls among the lower rungs of the police hierarchy and has very limited scope of authority on the state of affairs in his area.

When Anant arrests three common thugs, he is asked to meet with their boss, Rama Shetty (Sadashiv Amrapurkar), a don in the local mafia. Anant refuses all of Rama Shetty's attempts to get his men out or to entice Anant to join him. Shetty decides to watch over Anant.

Some time thereafter, a meek fellow from a local slum lodges a complaint about some ruffians who harass his wife. Anant finds them, locks them up, and administers a severe beating. As a fallout, the local MLA asks for Anant to be suspended.

Anant's boss, inspector Haider Ali, explains to a mystified Anant that the ruffians were the MLA's henchmen, providers of muscle during elections and political rallies. Anant is defiant with a clear conscience (he did nothing wrong) and ready to face a tribunal. Haider Ali explains that it will hardly get that far. Tribunals are either delayed indefinitely or are rigged (by corrupt politicians), and suspension during that time is a permanent black mark on one's record (for no other politician will be willing to deal with such a troublemaker).

Anant is initially baffled but goes along with Haider's plan to bring in Desai, a mediator or middle-man {see Satyajit Ray movie of same name} with connections in New Delhi, the "Centre" or national seat of power. Desai invokes higher powers to quietly cover up the matter. Anant's morals are shaken by this incident: He had to use means barely legal to uphold his righteous actions upon criminals.

Anant reflects upon his childhood. His father (Amrish Puri) retired as a Faujdar (constable) in the village police force. His father was a hard and violent man, quick to slap or beat his wife on the slightest pretext. Anant recalls looking on and being powerless to intervene. When Anant graduates college, he expresses his desire to pursue higher education but is forced into joining the police force.

Things get interesting when Anant finds one of Rama Shetty's goons, badly beaten, burnt and left to die. Anant brings the man into the hospital and takes his statement where he names Rama Shetty and others who inflicted this assault. Anant storms into Rama Shetty's rooms to arrest him. But Shetty is unfazed. He makes a simple phone call to a high ranking cop who immediately asks Anant to back off. Anant cites the context and the overwhelming evidence but is still ordered to step away. A consternated, resentful and hapless Anant leaves, feeling intensely humiliated.

Haider Ali explains yet again: Rama Shetty plans to run for city council in the upcoming municipal elections and simply cannot afford to let a petty matter distract his ambitions. Anant is horrified and enraged, and takes to drinking. His relationship with Jyotsna suffers. He is distraught when he is sent to provide security cover for Rama Shetty's campaign rallies.

He suffers another career setback when he leads an assault team to capture a dangerous daku (armed bandit) in the hills outside Mumbai, and the credit for the arrest is ultimately handed to another officer. His relationship deteriorates further and he takes to drinking fairly heavily. When Jyotsna confronts him, he confides in her.

Jyotsna tries to be supportive and suggests he consider another career. (She is motivated by recent news stories about police brutality and has decided that she will not marry a police officer.) He has always tried to do the right thing, but his well-intentioned actions always seem to be thwarted by the tentacles of corruption in the police force or the political strata. In the alcoholic trans a prisoner is killed by Anant in the jail when he uses 'third degree' and now Anant is not only likely to be arrested and jailed, but also has to lose his entire career. Finally he surrenders to Rama Shetty for political protection. Now, in the clutches of Rama Shetty, Anant has to obey his every order and humiliation. The dirty conditions put by Rama Shetty angers Anant and he kills Rama Shetty and then surrenders voluntarily to the Police for any punishment.

According to film expert Rajesh Subramanian, Amitabh Bachchan was first offered the lead role. The superstar, due to tight schedule, declined it. Om Puri was cast as Anant Welankar and it went on become a career defining role.

Cast

• Om Puri as Sub inspector Anant Velankar
• Smita Patil as Jyotsna Gokhale
• Amrish Puri as Anant's Father
• Madhuri Purandare as Anant's Mother
• Naseeruddin Shah as Mike Lobo
• Sadashiv Amrapurkar as Rama Shetty
• Shafi Inamdar as Inspector Hyder Ali
• Ila Arun as Sneha Vajpayee
• Satish Shah as Dacoit
• Achyut Potdar as Inspector Patil

Awards

Year	Recipient/Nominated work	Award	Result
1983	Om Puri	Best Actor – Karlovy Vary International Film Festival	Won
	Om Puri	National Film Award for Best Actor	Won
1984	Manmohan Shetty, Pradeep Uppoor	Filmfare Award for Best Movie	Won
	Govind Nihalani	Filmfare Award for Best Director	Won
	Sadashiv Amrapurkar	Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor	Won
	S.D. Panwalker	Filmfare Award for Best Story	Won
	Vijay Tendulkar	Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay	Won

The existential crisis

In a pivotal scene, from which the movie derives its name, Jyotsna gives Anant a poem to read to him from a book that she is carrying, Ardh Satya (see below for transliteration). Anant begins to read the poem aloud; as the meaning sinks in, his smile vanishes; he continues reading in a more subdued and sombre tone. Filmed in a single long take, this is one of the finest moments world cinema has shown portraying the effect of art upon man in modern cinema (compare to Apres Nous). Later in the film, a cathartic moment occurs symbolising the poem, where Anant breaks down crying. Jyotsna reaches out a hand to comfort him but then withdraws it without touching him, in one of the most poignant moments of cinema; it is as if she realised that he is "within this Chakravyuh, or Circle of Deceit" alone and needs to find his inner strength to break out.

Govind Nihalani said in an interview on Indian TV after winning the National Award that the "moment" had actually occurred just before filming, during the rehearsal, where actor Om Puri broke down and started weeping openly while reciting this poem; Nihalani reached out a hand to comfort him and then withdrew it feeling that "his anguish was too monumental for a mere touch to provide any solace". He subsequently instructed Smita Patil to play the scene like this, giving her his futile gesture.

When faced with a moral or existential choice of such magnitude, man is essentially alone and another cannot partake of his anguish or lessen his burden. The movie suggests that Anant refuses to break out of his situation, choosing to stand and face his nothingness – to continue being an 'impotent' police officer, rather than give up his uniform and regain his manliness and self-efficacy.

The crisis

Things go completely out of control one night soon after as a small-time thief, accused of stealing a small radio, is brought into custody. Anant is very drunk, angry and frustrated. He delivers a shocking and brutal beating to the thief – while continuing to drink – accusing him of "stealing the legitimate Rights of Others" {trans.: "Doosron ka haq churata hai, sala!"}.

Not surprisingly, the thief succumbs. The fallout leaves Anant suspended and facing charges of excessive force. Anant tries to invoke Desai again, but Haider Ali backs off, saying the situation has become too hot for most anyone. Haider Ali suggests, somewhat reluctantly, that perhaps the newly elected Rama Shetty can help.

After several days of deliberation, Anant decides to visit Rama Shetty in his betting den.

Rama Shetty receives Anant cordially, and invites him into his inner sanctum alone – possibly aware that this righteous cop is finally on his knees before him. He agrees to help him only if Anant, in return, joins forces with him. Anant breaks out of his 'impotent' torpor and, infuriated, in a stunning and violent move, strangles Rama Shetty there and then.

The film ends with Anant turning himself in.

Theme poem Ardh Satya by Dilip Chitre (Hindi)	English translation
Chakravyuh mein ghusne se pehle,	Before entering the circle of deceit,
kaun tha main aur kaisa tha,	who I was, and what I was,
yeh mujhe yaad hi na rahega.	I would not remember.
Chakravyuh mein ghusne ke baad,	After entering the circle of deceit,
mere aur chakravyuh ke beech,	(there was) between me and the circle,
sirf ek jaanleva nikat'ta thi,	only a deathly intimacy
iska mujhe pata hi na chalega.	that I never realised.
Chakravyuh se nikalne ke baad,	After leaving the circle of deceit,
main mukt ho jaoon bhale hi,	even if I am set free,
phir bhi chakravyuh ki rachna mein	the design of the circle of deceit,
farq hi na padega.	will hardly be different.
Marun ya maarun,	Whether I kill, or die,
maara jaoon ya jaan se maardun.	Am killed, or kill (the other)
iska faisla kabhi na ho paayega.	these questions will never be decided.
Soya hua aadmi jab	When a sleeping man
neend se uthkar chalna shuru karta hai,	awakes and steps forth,
tab sapnon ka sansar use,	then the world of dreams
dobara dikh hi na paayega.	may never be seen again (by him).
Us roshni mein jo nirnay ki roshni hai	In that, the light of Decision,
sab kuchh s'maan hoga kya?	will everything be level ?
Ek palde mein napunsakta,	On one tray (of a balance) is Impotence,
ek palde mein paurush,	and on the other is Manhood,
aur theek taraazu ke kaante par	and exactly at the needle point,
ardh satya.	a half-truth.

External links

• Ardh Satya at IMDb
• Ardh Satya at AllMovie
• Review at NY Times