2023 Swiss federal election

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2023 Swiss federal election
Switzerland
← 2019 22 October 2023 2027 →
Party Leader % Seats ±
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

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Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 22 October 2023 to elect all members of the National Council and Council of States.[1][2][lower-alpha 1] The elections were followed by elections to the Federal Council, Switzerland's government and collegial presidency, on 13 December.

The Swiss People's Party (SVP), which campaigned against migration, performed strongly, while the Green and Green Liberal parties saw their vote share decline.[3][4][5]

Timeline

The election timeline is:[6]

  • Mid-October 2022: Official information to the cantons and parties
  • 31 December 2022: Deadline for party registration
  • 1 March 2023: Publication of the candidacy deadlines for the National Council
  • 30 April: Landsgemeinde in Appenzell-Innerrhoden (Council of States election in the canton)[7]
  • 1 May: Update of the party register
  • August: Candidacy deadline for the National Council in the cantons using proportional representation
  • September: Delivery of the electoral guide to the cantons
  • 4 September: Candidacy deadline for the cantons using majoritarian vote with possibility of walkover
  • Late September: Delivery of the voting material
  • 22 October: Election day (National Council & 1st round for the Council of States)
  • Late October: Publication of the official results
  • 12 November: Eventual runoffs for the Council of States in six cantons representing 12 seats (FR, GE, GR, TG, VD, VS)[8]
  • 19 November: Eventual runoffs for the Council of States in ten cantons representing 19 seats (AG, BE, BL, GL, SG, SH, SO, TI, ZG, ZH)[8]
  • 26 November: Eventual runoffs for the Council of States in six cantons representing 9 seats (AR, BS, LU, NW, SZ, UR)[8]
  • 4 December: Opening of the new National Council and oath-taking
  • 13 December: Election of the Federal Council

Electoral system

National Council

The 200 members of the National Council are elected from the 26 cantons, each of which constitutes a constituency. In all multi-member cantons open-list proportional representation is used; with apparentments for allied parties and sub-apparentments for lists within parties, where apparented lists are initially counted together for seats allocation. Seats are allocated using the Hagenbach-Bischoff system with no threshold. Voters may cross out names on party lists or write names twice, split their vote between parties (a system known as panachage), or draw up their own list on a blank ballot. The six single-member cantons use first-past-the-post voting.[9]

Seats in the National Council are apportioned to the cantons based on their respective population size (which includes children and resident foreigners who do not have the right to vote). Based on the official population count recorded at the end of 2020, Basel-Stadt lost a seat while Zürich gained one. Zürich is the canton with the most seats (36).[10]

The rules regarding who can stand as a candidate and vote in elections to the National Council are uniform across the Confederation. Only Swiss citizens aged at least 18 can stand or vote and the citizens resident abroad can register to vote in the canton in which they last resided (or their canton of citizenship, otherwise) and be able to vote no matter how long since, or whether they ever have, lived in Switzerland.

Apportionment of National Council seats by canton in 2023[11][12]
Canton Population Seats +/− Pop. by seat
 Zürich 1,553,423 36 +1 43,151
 Bern 1,043,132 24 ±0 43,464
 Lucerne 416,347 9 ±0 46,261
 Uri 36,819 1 ±0 36,819
 Schwyz 162,157 4 ±0 40,539
 Obwalden 38,108 1 ±0 38,108
 Nidwalden 43,520 1 ±0 43,520
 Glarus 40,851 1 ±0 40,851
 Zug 128,794 3 ±0 42,931
 Fribourg 325,496 7 ±0 46,499
 Solothurn 277,462 6 ±0 46,244
 Basel-Stadt 196,735 4 −1 49,184
 Basel-Landschaft 290,969 7 ±0 41,567
 Schaffhausen 83,107 2 ±0 41,554
 Appenzell Ausserrhoden 55,309 1 ±0 55,309
 Appenzell Innerrhoden 16,293 1 ±0 16,293
 St. Gallen 514,504 12 ±0 42,875
 Grisons 200,096 5 ±0 40,019
 Aargau 694,072 16 ±0 43,380
 Thurgau 282,909 6 ±0 47,152
 Ticino 350,986 8 ±0 43,873
 Vaud 814,762 19 ±0 42,882
 Valais 348,503 8 ±0 43,563
 Neuchâtel 175,894 4 ±0 43,974
 Geneva 506,343 12 ±0 42,195
 Jura 73,709 2 ±0 36,855
  Total 8,670,300 200 ±0 43,352

Council of States

The 46 members of the Council of States are elected in 20 two-seat constituencies (representing the 20 'full' cantons) and six single-member constituencies (representing the six half-cantons). Two 'full' cantons with small populations – Uri and Glarus – each have two seats in the Council of States but only one seat each in the much larger National Council.[13]

Elections to the Council of States are regulated by the cantons. The cantons of Jura and Neuchâtel use proportional representation, while all the others use a majoritarian system, often with two rounds of voting. In the first round voters typically have up to two votes and candidates need an overall majority to be elected; if seats remain to be filled a runoff is held using simple plurality. All cantons, except Appenzell-Innerrhoden, which elects its state councilor during the Landsgemeinde in April, hold the first round concurrently with the National Council election, but the dates for the runoffs vary.[14]

As each canton regulates its election to the Council of States, the rules regarding who can stand as a candidate and vote in these elections vary canton by canton. Jura and Neuchâtel allow certain foreign residents to vote, whilst Glarus allows 16- and 17-year-olds to vote. Swiss citizens abroad registered to vote in a canton are permitted to vote in that canton's Council of States election only if the canton's law allows it. Only Schaffhausen has compulsory voting, though limited in implementation by way of only an insignificant fine.

Apportionment of Council of States seats by canton
Seats Cantons
Cantons with 2 seats Zürich, Bern, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Glaris, Zug, Fribourg, Solothurn, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen, Grisons, Aargau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Valais, Neuchâtel, Geneva, Jura
Cantons with 1 seat ('half-cantons') Obwalden, Nidwalden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden

Contesting parties

The table below lists contesting parties represented in the Federal Assembly before the election.

Name Political group Ideology Leader(s) 2019 result
Votes (%) National Council Council of States
SVP / UDC Swiss People's Party Swiss People's Party group (V) National conservatism
Right-wing populism		 Marco Chiesa 25.6%
53 / 200
6 / 46
SP / PS Social Democratic Party Social Democratic group (S) Social democracy
Democratic socialism		 Mattea Meyer & Cédric Wermuth 16.8%
39 / 200
9 / 46
FDP / PLR FDP.The Liberals FDP-Liberal group (RL) Liberalism
Conservative liberalism		 Thierry Burkart 15.1%
29 / 200
12 / 46
DM / LC / AdC The Centre The Centre group (M-E)[15] Centrism
Social conservatism		 Gerhard Pfister 13.8%
28 / 200
13 / 46
GRÜNE / VERT-E-S Green Party Greens group (G) Green politics
Progressivism		 Balthasar Glättli 13.2%
28 / 200
5 / 46
glp / pvl Green Liberal Party Green Liberal group (GL) Green liberalism Jürg Grossen 7.8%
16 / 200
0 / 46
EVP / PEV Evangelical People's Party The Centre group (M-E) Christian democracy
Social conservatism		 Lilian Studer 2.1%
3 / 200
0 / 46
PdA / PST Swiss Party of Labour Greens group (G) Communism
Marxism		 Gavriel Pinson 1,0%
1 / 200
0 / 46
solidaritéS Solidarity Greens group (G) Anti-capitalism
Trotskyism		 Collective leadership
1 / 200
0 / 46
EDU/UDF Federal Democratic Union Swiss People's Party group (V) Christian right
Right-wing populism		 Daniel Frischknecht 1.0%
1 / 200
0 / 46
LdT Ticino League Swiss People's Party group (V) Regionalism
Right-wing populism		 Antonella Bignasca & Boris Bignasca 0.8%
1 / 200
0 / 46

Candidates

For this election, the Federal office of statistics reports a record in the number of candidacies. 5909 people (2408 women (41%) and 3501 men (59%)) in total, which is an increase of 1264 or 27% compared to last election, are candidates for the National Council on a total of 618 lists (an increase of 107).

Nearly a third (30%) of the candidates for the national council are younger than 30 years old. The average age is under 40 for the Greens and PS/SP, and it exceeds 50 for the smaller right-wing parties Ticino League and Geneva Citizens Movement.

Incumbents not standing for re-election

National Council

As of 8 April 2023, 25 National Council incumbents (an eighth of the council) announced they would not stand in this election.[16]

Member Canton First elected Party
Pirmin Schwander Schwyz 2003 SVP/UDC
Walter Wobmann Solothurn 2003 SVP/UDC
Kurt Fluri Solothurn 2003 FDP/PLR
Christa Markwalder Bern 2003 FDP/PLR
Edith Graf-Litscher (de; fr) Thurgau 2005 SP/PS
Ida Glanzmann Lucerne 2006 DM/LC
Ada Marra Vaud 2007 SP/PS
Jacques Bourgeois Fribourg 2007 FDP/PLR
Doris Fiala Zürich 2007 FDP/PLR
Christian Lüscher Geneva 2007 FDP/PLR
Andreas Aebi Bern 2007 SVP/UDC
Yvette Estermann Lucerne 2007 SVP/UDC
Andrea Geissbühler Bern 2007 SVP/UDC
Jean-Pierre Grin-Hofmann Vaud 2007 SVP/UDC
Erich von Siebenthal Bern 2007 SVP/UDC
Martin Landolt Glarus 2009 DM/LC
Prisca Birrer-Heimo (de; fr) Lucerne 2010 SP/PS
Yvonne Feri Aargau 2011 SP/PS
Peter Keller Nidwalden 2011 SVP/UDC
Alois Gmür (de; fr) Schwyz 2011 DM/LC
Jean-Paul Gschwind (de; fr) Jura 2011 DM/LC
Verena Herzog Thurgau 2013 SVP/UDC
Roger Köppel Zürich 2015 SVP/UDC
Angelo Barrile Zürich 2015 SP/PS
Sandra Locher Benguerel Grisons 2019 SP/PS

Council of States

As of 8 April 2023, 9 Council of States incumbents (nearly a fifth of the council) announced they would not stand in this election.[16]

Member Canton First elected Party
Alex Kuprecht Schwyz 2003 SVP/UDC
Roberto Zanetti Solothurn 2010 SP/PS
Hans Stöckli Bern 2011 SP/PS
Thomas Hefti Glarus 2014 FDP/PLR
Olivier Français Vaud 2015 FDP/PLR
Ruedi Noser Zürich 2015 FDP/PLR
Hansjörg Knecht Aargau 2019 SVP/UDC
Marina Carobbio Guscetti Ticino 2019 SP/PS
Adèle Thorens Goumaz Vaud 2019 Greens

Opinion polls

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Main article: Opinion polling for the 2023 Swiss federal election

Graphical summary

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Nationwide polling since 2021

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Seat predictions

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Results

File:2023 Swiss federal election.svg
Results of the 2023 federal election
File:2023 Swiss federal election by municipality.svg
Results of the election by municipality
File:Schweizer Parlamentswahlen 2023 Elefantenrunde (cropped).jpg
The party presidents on TV on election night

The SVP, which had campaigned heavily on opposing migration,[17] performed strongly.[3][18][19][20] The SVP made gains in Romandy, gaining for the first time more national councillors than the FDP in the region.[21] The Centre notably gained seats, surpassing the FDP — putting the latter's second Federal Council seat in doubt[22] — while the Green Party and Green Liberal Party performed poorly.[4][5][23][24] The results indicated a stark divide between urban and rural areas.[25] Although right-wing parties gained seats in the National Council, they did not secure a majority in the chamber.[26][27] Despite the SVP's gains in the National Council, it did not perform as strongly in the Council of States,[28] whereas The Centre gained seats.[29][30] Neither the Left nor Right had a clear majority in the chamber.[31]

National Council

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By canton

Canton SVP SP Centre FDP Greens GLP Others
% Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats
Aargau 35.5 7 16.4 3 12.0 2 13.1 2 7.1 1 8.5 1 7.5[lower-alpha 2] 0
Appenzell Ausserrhoden 47.7 1 – – 15.9 0 35.7 0 – – – – 0.7 0
Appenzell Innerrhoden 2.4 0 – – 86.7 1 – – – – – – 10.9 0
Basel-Landschaft 28.9 2 24.7 2 10.6 1 14.2 1 10.0 1 7.0 0 4.6[lower-alpha 3] 0
Basel-Stadt 13.6 0 31.8 1 5.8 0 17.2[lower-alpha 4] 1[lower-alpha 5] 17.1 1 9.1 1 5.2[lower-alpha 6] 0
Bern 30.9 8 20.7 5 8.1 2 7.5 1 10.8 3 10.5 3 11.3[lower-alpha 7] 2[lower-alpha 8]
Fribourg 25.8 2 20.6 1 19.9 2 13.3 1 11.8 1 3.7 0 4.9[lower-alpha 9] 0
Geneva 15.3 2 18.4 3 8.2 1 15.7 2 15.4 2 6.7 0 20.4[lower-alpha 10] 2[lower-alpha 11]
Glarus 42.6 1 23.4 0 31.2 0 – – – – – – 2.8 0
Grisons 30.6 2 17.8 1 23.9 1 13.7 1 5.2 0 6.3 0 2.5[lower-alpha 12] 0
Jura 19.1 1 29.6 1 26.5 0 8.7 0 11.1 0 2.4 0 2.7[lower-alpha 13] 0
Lucerne 25.8 2 13.7 2 27.9 3 15.4 1 8.1 1 6.5 0 2.6[lower-alpha 14] 0
Neuchâtel 17.3 1 22.5 1 2.6 0 21.0 1 16.5 1 6.8 0 13.5[lower-alpha 15] 0
Nidwalden 39.9 0 – – 45.3 1 14.8 0 – – – – – –
Obwalden 52.3 1 – – – – 47.7 0 – – – – – –
Schaffhausen 39.1 1 27.4 1 2.6 0 12.2 0 4.8 0 6.8 0 7.2[lower-alpha 16] 0
Schwyz 35.9 2 10.9 0 17.6 1 19.6 1 2.7 0 3.3 0 10.0[lower-alpha 17] 0
Solothurn 28.7 2 17.2 1 17.9 1 17.4 1 9.3 1 6.0 0 3.5[lower-alpha 18] 0
St. Gallen 34.5 5 12.7 2 18.8 2 14.4 2 8.7 1 5.8 0 4.9[lower-alpha 19] 0
Thurgau 40.3 3 10.2 1 15.3 1 10.7 1 8.5 0 6.6 0 8.2[lower-alpha 20] 0
Ticino 15.1 2 12.5 1 17.7 1 21.1 2 9.1 1 1.5 0 23.0[lower-alpha 21] 1[lower-alpha 22]
Uri 35.3 0 – – 62.4 1 – – – – – – 2.3 0
Valais 24.5 2 14.3 1 35.4 3 14.7 1 8.4 1 2.0 0 0.7[lower-alpha 23] 0
Vaud 19.2 4 25.3 6 4.5 1 22.4 4 13.5 3 7.5 1 7.6[lower-alpha 24] 0
Zug 30.2 1 5.2 0 24.9 1 13.0 0 16.2 1 6.2 0 4.3[lower-alpha 25] 0
Zürich 27.4 10 21.1 8 8.1 3 12.5 5 9.9 4 12.4 4 8.6[lower-alpha 26] 2[lower-alpha 27]
Total 27.93 62 18.27 41 14.06 29 14.25 28 9.78 23 7.55 10 8.16 7
Source: FSO

Council of States

31 of the 46 seats of the Council of States were filled in the first round, with the remaining 15 seats filled in the second round on the 12 and 19 November.[32]

300px
Party Seats
1st
round		 2nd
round		 Total
The Centre 10 5 15
The Liberals 9 2 11
Social Democratic Party 5 4 9
Swiss People's Party 4 2 6
Green Party 3 3
Geneva Citizens' Movement 1 1
Green Liberal Party 1 1
Total 31 15 46
Source: FSO

By canton

Canton Centre FDP SP SVP Greens MCG GLP
Aargau 1 1
Appenzell Ausserrhoden 1
Appenzell Innerrhoden 1
Basel-Landschaft 1
Basel-Stadt 1
Bern 1 1
Fribourg 1 1
Geneva 1 1
Glarus 1 1
Grisons 1 1
Jura 1 1
Lucerne 1 1
Neuchâtel 1 1
Nidwalden 1
Obwalden 1
Schaffhausen 1 1
Schwyz 1 1
Solothurn 1 1
St. Gallen 1 1
Thurgau 1 1
Ticino 1 1
Uri 1 1
Valais 2
Vaud 1 1
Zug 1 1
Zürich 1 1
Total 15 11 9 6 3 1 1
Source: FSO

Electorate demographics

Demographic SVP SP FDP Centre Greens GLP
Total vote style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 27.9% 18.3% 14.3% 14.1% 9.8% 7.6%
Sex
Men style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 32% 14% 17% 14% 8% 8%
Women style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 24% 23% 12% 14% 12% 7%
Age
18–29 years old style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 23% 21% 11% 11% 16% 8%
30–45 years old style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 26% 18% 12% 14% 12% 8%
46–65 years old style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 31% 17% 14% 13% 9% 8%
Over 65 years old style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 28% 19% 19% 17% 5% 6%
Income
Under 4,000 CHF style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 31% 18% 10% 14% 11% 5%
4,000 - 6,000 CHF style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 24% 21% 14% 16% 10% 8%
6,001 – 10,000 CHF style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 27% 17% 18% 13% 10% 10%
Over 10,000 CHF 27% 11% style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 30% 11% 6% 11%
Education
Compulsory / VET style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 34% 17% 13% 15% 7% 6%
Matura / PET style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 26% 18% 15% 14% 11% 9%
University / Fachhochschule 12% style="background:#Template:HexShade;" | 22% 16% 11% 18% 12%
Source: Sotomo[33]

Aftermath

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See also: List of members of the National Council of Switzerland (2023–2027) and List of members of the Swiss Council of States (2023–2027)

Following the election, SVP President Marco Chiesa stated his party had "a clear mandate" and would seek "less political correctness" and to work with the other parties.[34] Although smaller right-wing parties gained enough seats to form their own parliamentary group, they opted to remain in the SVP group.[35]

On 25 October, the Federal Statistical Office announced it had miscalculated the national vote count; this resulted from "a programming error in the data import software for the cantons of Appenzell Inner Rhodes, Appenzell Outer Rhodes and Glarus."[36] The corrected vote count did not affect the allocation of seats, but found the FDP remained the third largest party by vote share as opposed to The Centre.[37][38]

The federal elections were followed on 13 December by the 2023 Swiss Federal Council election.

Notes

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References

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External links

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Circulaire du Conseil fédéral aux gouvernements cantonaux concernant les élections pour le renouvellement intégral du Conseil national du 22 octobre 2023, 19 October 2022 (in French) Archived 10 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Ordinance on the apportionment of seats for the full renewal of the National Council / Verordnung über die Sitzverteilung bei der Gesamterneuerung des Nationalrates / Ordonnance sur la répartition des sièges lors du renouvellement intégral du Conseil national of 2021-09-01, SR/RS 161.13 (E·D·F·I)
  12. ↑ Arrêté du Conseil fédéral homologuant les chiffres de la population résidante permanente à la fin de 2020, 1 September 2021 Archived 10 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ [The Centre group https://www.parlament.ch/en/organe/groups/group-m-e Archived 2022-10-02 at the Wayback Machine]
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


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