1958 French legislative election
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All 576 seats to the French National Assembly 289 seats were needed for a majority |
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Turnout | 77.1% ( 5.7 pp) (1st round) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Legislative elections took place on 23 and 30 November 1958 to elect the first National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic.[1]
Since 1954, the French Fourth Republic had been mired in the Algerian War.[2] In May 1958, Pierre Pflimlin, a Christian-Democrat, became Prime Minister.[3] He was known to be in favour of a negotiated settlement with the Algerian nationalists.[4] On 13 May riots broke out in Algiers, with the complicity of the army.[5] A rebel government seized power in Algiers in order to defend "French Algeria". The next day, General Massu demanded the return to power of General Charles de Gaulle.[6]
The rebellious generals took control of Corsica threatening to conduct an assault on Paris, involving paratroopers and armoured forces based at Rambouillet.[6] In Paris, the political leaders were trying to find a compromise.[7] On 1 June De Gaulle replaced Pflimlin to lead a government of national unity and nominated as Ministers of State (Vice-Prime Ministers) Pierre Pflimlin (Popular Republican Movement, MRP), Guy Mollet (French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), Louis Jacquinot (National Center of Independents and Peasants, CNIP) and Félix Houphouët-Boigny.[8] He obtained the right to develop a new Constitution.[9] Only the Communists and some center-left politicians such as Pierre Mendès-France and François Mitterrand, opposed this "coup against the Republic".[7][10]
On 28 September the new Constitution was approved in a referendum in the French Union by 82.6% of all voters, and in metropolitan France by 79.3% of voters. The Fifth Republic was born. The two-round system was re-established for the legislative elections.[11] The Gaullists created the Union for the New Republic which became the largest parliamentary group. Their opponents were crushed. The small number of left-wing MPs elected may be explained by divisions among left-leaning parties between supporters and opponents to the Fifth Republic: the two-round ballot tends to reward parties which are able to form alliances with each other.[12]
On 21 December de Gaulle was elected President of France by an electoral college.[13] His Justice Minister Michel Debré became Prime Minister.[14] The pro-Fifth Republic center-left parties (SFIO and Radical Party) left the presidential majority.[15][1] This established the first gaullist centre-right government.
Results (Metropolitan France)[16]
Parties and coalitions | 1st round | 2nd round | Total seats | |||||
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Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
Union for the New Republic (Union pour la nouvelle République) and Gaullists | UNR | 3,603,958 | 17.6 | 4,769,052 | 26.4 | 189 | ||
National Center of Independents and Peasants (Centre national des indépendants et paysans) and Moderates | CNIP | 4,092,600 | 19.9 | 4,250,083 | 23.6 | 132 | ||
Popular Republican Movement (Mouvement républicain populaire) and Christian Democrats | MRP | 2,387,788 | 11.6 | 1,365,064 | 7.5 | 57 | ||
French Section of the Workers International (Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière) | SFIO | 3,167,354 | 15.5 | 2,484,417 | 13.8 | 40 | ||
Radical Party (Parti radical), Dissidents and Republican Center | Rad | 2,695,287 | 12.9 | 1,398,409 | 7.7 | 37 | ||
French Communist Party (Parti communiste français) | PCF | 3,882,204 | 18.9 | 3,741,384 | 20.7 | 10 | ||
Extreme Right | 669,518 | 3.3 | - | - | 1 | |||
Total | 20,489,709 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 466 | ||||
Abstention: 22.9% (1st round) |
Notes
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References
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 253-266.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 26-44.
- ↑ Laponce 1961, pp. 1-2.
- ↑ Laponce 1961, pp. 9-10; Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 60-61.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 62.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Watson 2003, pp. 123-129; Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 81-91.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 92-97.
- ↑ Laponce 1961, pp. 12-13; Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 154.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 117.
- ↑ Mitterrand 1964.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 210-236, 335-358.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 249-266.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 182, 270.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 152, 273.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, pp. 242-246.
- ↑ Macridis & Brown 1960, p. 258, N.B.: Unofficial and partly reconstructed