1934 in science
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
|
The year 1934 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents
Astronomy
- Richard Tolman shows that black-body radiation in an expanding universe cools but remains thermal.
- Georges Lemaître interprets the cosmological constant as due to a vacuum energy with an unusual perfect fluid equation of state.
Chemistry
- The Mulliken scale of chemical element electronegativity is developed by Robert S. Mulliken.
- Norman Haworth and Edmund Hirst report the first synthesis of vitamin C.[1]
- J. D. Bernal and Dorothy Crowfoot first successfully apply the technique of X-ray crystallography to analysis of a biological substance, pepsin.[2]
- The first commercial heavy water plant is built at Vemork in Norway; production also starts this year at Dnepropetrovsk in the Soviet Union.
History of science
- Lewis Mumford publishes Technics and Civilization.
- The Iron Bridge in Shropshire, dating from the Industrial Revolution period, becomes an officially scheduled monument in England.
Physics
- Sonoluminescence is discovered at the University of Cologne.
- Gregory Breit and John A. Wheeler describe the Breit–Wheeler process.
Physiology and medicine
- March 8 – Sodium thiopental, the first intravenous anesthetic, synthesized by Ernest H. Volwiler with Donalee L. Tabern of Abbott Laboratories,[3] is first administered to human subjects.
- Outbreak of "atypical poliomyelitis", strongly resembling what would later be called chronic fatigue syndrome, affects a large number of medical staff at the Los Angeles County Hospital.[4]
- George de Hevesy uses heavy water in one of the first biological tracer experiments, to estimate the rate of turnover of water in the human body.[5]
- Tudor Thomas' work on corneal grafting restores the sight of a man who had been nearly blind for 27 years.
Technology
- April 3 – Percy Shaw patents the cat's eye road-safety device in Britain.[6]
- April 18 – Citroën Traction Avant introduced, the world's first front-wheel drive monocoque (welded steel unit body) production automobile, designed by André Lefèbvre and Flaminio Bertoni.
- April 24 – Laurens Hammond patents the Hammond organ in the United States.[7]
- The 135 film cartridge is introduced in Germany and the United States with the Kodak Retina camera, making 35mm film easy to use.
- The first commercial electronic television sets with cathode ray tubes are manufactured by Telefunken in Germany.
Publications
- Samuel C. Bradford proposes Bradford's law of scattering, an example of Pareto distribution applicable in the bibliometrics of scientific literature and beyond.[8]
- Karl Popper publishes Logik der Forschung.
Awards
Births
- March 5 – Daniel Kahneman, psychologist, Israeli-American winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
- March 9 – Yuri Gagarin (died 1968), Russian cosmonaut, the first man in space.
- March 31 – Carlo Rubbia, Italian winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- April 3 – Jane Goodall, English primatologist.
- May 23 – Robert Moog (died 2005), American pioneer of electronic music.
- November 9 – Carl Sagan (died 1996), American astronomer.
- Willie Hobbs Moore (died 1994), African American engineer.
Deaths
- January 29 – Fritz Haber (born 1868), German chemist.
- April 21 – Carsten Borchgrevink (born 1864), Norwegian Antarctic explorer.
- July 4 – Marie Curie (born 1867), Polish-born French physicist.
- October 17 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal (born 1852), Spanish winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- September 27 – Ellen Willmott (born 1858), English horticulturist.
- November 16 – Carl von Linde (born 1842), German refrigeration engineer.
- November 20 – Willem de Sitter (born 1872), Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer.
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Cite error: Invalid <references>
tag; parameter "group" is allowed only.
<references />
, or <references group="..." />
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ US patent 1956350, Laurens Hammond, "Electrical Musical Instrument", issued 1934-04-24
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.