1745 in science

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The year 1745 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

• The Omega Nebula, Messier 25, Messier 35, and IC 4665 are discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux.

Biology

• Charles Bonnet publishes his first work on entomology, entitled Traité d'insectologie.

Geography

• The Cassini projection, a type of map projection, is described by César-François Cassini de Thury.

Medicine

• May 2 – The Company of Surgeons separates from the Company of Barbers of London.
• The Dublin Lying-In Hospital is established by Bartholomew Mosse.

Physics

• The Leyden jar, a device for storing electric charge, is invented by Pieter van Musschenbroek. It Is the first capacitor.
• Ruđer Bošković publishes De Viribus Vivis in which he tries to find a middle way between Newton's gravitational theory and Leibniz's monadology, developing a concept of "impenetrability" as a property of hard bodies which explains their behavior in terms of force rather than matter.

Technology

• The first blasting cap, or detonator, is demonstrated by a Dr. Watson of the Royal Society.

Awards

• Copley Medal: William Watson

Births

• January 6 – Jacques Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor (died 1799)
• January 7 – Johan Christian Fabricius, Danish entomologist (died 1808)
• January 23 – William Jessop, English civil engineer (died 1814)
• February 18 – Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist and chemist (died 1827)
• April 20 – Philippe Pinel, French psychiatrist (died 1826)
• April 26 – Johann Anton Güldenstädt, German naturalist and explorer (died 1781)
• November 30 – Jean-Louis Baudelocque, French obstetrician (died 1810)
• December 15 – Johann Gottfried Koehler, German astronomer (died 1801)
• December 28 – Juan de Ayala, Spanish explorer (died 1797)
• William Cruikshank, Scottish-born anatomist and chemist (died 1800)

Deaths

• November 30 – Johann Bessler, German inventor (born 1680)