Vijaya Raje Scindia

Vijaya Raje Scindia
File:Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia of Gwalior.jpg The unconventional Princess
Rajmata of Gwalior
Tenure	1970−1998
Born	(1919-10-12)12 October 1919 Sagar, British Raj
Died	New Delhi, India
Spouse	HH Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia
Issue	Padmavatiraje 'Akkasaheb' Scindia Usharaje Scindia Madhavrao Scindia Vasundhara Raje Yashodhara Raje
House	Gwalior, India
Father	Thakur Mahendra Singh
Mother	Chuda Deveshwari
Religion	Hinduism

Vijaya Raje Scindia (12 October 1919 – 25 January 2001) born Lekha Divyeshwari and known popularly as the Rajmata of Gwalior, was a prominent Indian political personality. In the days of the British Raj, as consort of the last ruling Maharaja of Gwalior, Jivajirao Scindia, she ranked among the highest royal figures of the land. In later life, she became a politician of considerable influence and was elected repeatedly to both houses of the Indian parliament. She was also an active member, for many decades, of the Jana Sangh and the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Early years

Vijaya Raje Scindia was born in 1919 at Sagar in present-day Madhya Pradesh, the eldest child of Thakur Mahendra Singh, a government officer, by his second wife Chuda Deveshwari. She was named Lekha Divyeshwari at birth. Her father was a deputy collector in the provincial administration. Her mother, who belonged to the influential Rana family of Nepal, died at Vijaya Raje's birth. Her brother's name is Dhyanendra Singh, who is married to Maya Singh.

Lekha's maternal grandfather, Khadga Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, had been exiled to India and had taken up residence at Sagar. It was in Sagar that Lekha was born. Her mother's death meant that Lekha never lived with her father: she was raised in the household of her maternal grandparents. The young Lekha was deeply influenced by her grandmother, Rani Dhan Kumari, an exceedingly pious lady of orthodox disposition. The impress of this early influence was to leave a lasting impact on Lekha's personality.

Although her family was aristocratic, their exile status meant that they were not very affluent. To this circumstance may be attributed the fact that Lekha received a relatively normal upbringing and a standard education, suitable to modernizing, upwardly mobile families rather than aristocratic ones. She was educated at home initially, later studying at both the Vasanta College, Benares, and the Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow. She stayed at a ladies hostel during this period and lived largely as other students did. During this period, the Indian independence movement was at it peak. Already drawn towards austerity by the influence of her grandmother, Lekha gave up the use of foreign goods and fabrics.

Marriage

The era of leading a normal life was however destined to end at quite an early age. In 1941, at the age of 22, Lekha was married to Jivajirao Scindia, Maharaja of Gwalior, one of the largest, richest and highest-ranking 21-gun-salute princely states in India. As per tradition, a new name was chosen for Lekha based upon the matching of the couple's horoscopes, and she assumed the name 'Vijayaraje Scindia'.

Children

They had four daughters and a son:

1. Padmavati Raje 'Akkasaheb' Burman (1942–64), who wed Kirit Deb Burman, last ruling Maharaja of Tripura.
2. Usha Raje Rana (b. 1943), who wed her distant cousin, Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, a Nepali politician belonging to the Rana dynasty. They are the parents of Devyani Rana and Urvashi Rana; see Nepalese royal massacre.
3. Madhavrao Scindia (1945–2001), prominent Indian politician belonging to the Congress Party, and the titular Maharaja of Gwalior. He is the father of Jyotiraditya Scindia.
4. Vasundhara Raje (b. 1953) prominent BJP politician and presently (2014) Chief Minister of Rajasthan for the second time. She was formerly married to the titular Maharaja of Dholpur.
5. Yashodhara Raje (b. 1954), an aspiring BJP politician. She was formerly married to Dr. Siddharth Bhansali, a US-based cardiologist.

Family life

Vijaya Raje's relationship with her husband conformed, by every account, to the Indian ideal of perfect harmony; this is easy enough to believe, as Vijayaraje, the supreme traditionalist, would have deemed it her duty to defer to him, and to family elders, on all matters.

The situation was in every sense reversed where her children were concerned. The demise of Jiyajirao in 1961 left Vijayaraje the only parent for her growing children. True to her character, Vijayaraje proved an exacting and somewhat martinet parent; she expected her children to meet her own idealised standards of lifestyle and behavior. This did not make for particular warmth, and in later life, Vijayaraje's relationship with her adult children wavered between the formally cordial and the antagonistic. In her autobiography, she regretfully recounts how little sympathy she was able to extend to her two younger daughters in their troubled marriages, and wonders whether her husband may not have handled those situations better.

Her relationship with her only son was especially troubled; personal problems were exacerbated by political differences, and she sometimes felt moved to attack his character in public. Indeed, when her will was read shortly after her death, it was found that she had forbidden her son from participating in her funerary obsequies. This is the ultimate castigation an orthodox Hindu can mete out to a son. Her children have occasionally attributed these family differences to the baneful influence of Vijayaraje's advisors, but most observers disagree with this assessment.

Entry into politics

Vijayaraje was initiated into electoral politics in 1957 when she contested and won the Guna Lok Sabha seat in Madhya Pradesh on a Congress ticket. Five years later, she won on Congress ticket from Gwalior. Later she quit the Congress and won the Guna seat in 1967 on Swatantra Party's ticket. But she soon joined Bharatiya Jan Sangh and resigned from Lok Sabha to take part in state politics. She won the Karera assembly seat in Madhya Pradesh as the Jan Sangh candidate in 1967 and plunged headlong into state politics. Jan Sangh defied Indira-wave in 1971 Lok Sabha polls to win 3 seats in Gwalior region - Vijaya Raje Scindia from Bhind, Vajpayee from Gwalior and Madhavrao Scindia from Guna though he later left the party. Vijayaraje Scindia did not contest Lok Sabha elections in 1977 and 1984 and lost to Indira Gandhi in Rae Bareli in 1980. In 1989 she won from Guna as member of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and retained the seat in 1991, 1996 and 1998. She did not contest the elections in 1999 due to old age. She was jailed by Indira Gandhi during the Emergency, ultimately sharing a cell with fellow Rajmata and MP, Gayatri Devi, in Tihar Jail. In the 1970s, Vijayraje and her son Madhavrao were involved in a public dispute over property. Animosities heightened due to their differing political ideologies.

Vijayaraje came to the forefront of the BJP leadership in 1980 when she was made one of its vice-presidents. She played a key role in propagating the party's Ramjanmabhoomi agenda and was considered a hardliner. She remained a BJP vice-president until 1998 when she stepped down on health grounds and quit electoral politics. She died in January 2001.

In media

In the late 1980s, Vijaya Raje penned an autobiography with major assistance from the noted author Manohar Malgonkar. The book entitled The last Maharani of Gwalior, proved a best-seller. It provides many valuable details of her life and career, but ends with the general elections of 1984. A biography of Vijaya Raje Scindia in the Hindi language has been written by the writer Mridula Sinha, titled Ek Thi Rani Aisi Bhi (there was such a Queen too). A film of the same name, starring Hema Malini and based on this latter book, was released in 2013 but proved a flop.

Apart from biographies, much has been written in the press and by other writers with the Rajmata as the subject. For instance, William Dalrymple devotes a chapter of his collection of travel memoirs, The Age of Kali, to the Rajmata.

References

• Scindia, Vijayaraje, with Malgonkar, Manohar. The Last Maharani of Gwalior: An Autobiography, State University of New York Press, Albany (1987). 279 pp.
• Brief biography
• From the Tribune newspaper