No. 218 (Gold Coast) Squadron RAF

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No. 218 (Gold Coast) Squadron RAF
Active 24 April 1918 – 1918
1936 – 1945
Country United Kingdom United Kingdom
Branch Air Force Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg Royal Air Force
Role Precision Bombing
Garrison/HQ France, RAF Marham, RAF Downham Market
Motto In Time
Insignia
Squadron Badge An hourglass
Squadron Codes SV (1938)
HA (1939–1947)

No. 218 Squadron RAF was a squadron of the Royal Air Force. It was also known as No 218 (Gold Coast) Squadron after the Governor of the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana) and people of the Gold Coast officially adopted the squadron.[1]

History

World War I

The squadron was first formed at Dover on 24 April 1918, going into action a month later in France. The unit flew Airco DH.9s in daylight bombing raids, and during its 5 months of wartime service, it dropped 94 tons of bombs over enemy targets in France and Belgium, flying a total of 117 sorties. In 1919, the unit was disbanded, having claimed 37 enemy aircraft during the war.

World War II

Armorer checking bomb fuzes on 218 Squadron Stirling at RAF Downham Market

With the onset of World War II, the unit was reformed on 16 March 1936 from elements of 57 Squadron at Upper Heyford with the Hawker Hind and reequipped with the Fairey Battle in 1938. On 2 September 1939, the unit moved back to France, where it began dropping leaflets and flying reconnaissance missions. However, by June 1940, having suffered heavy losses while bombing advancing German troops, the unit was evacuated to England, where it re-equipped with the Bristol Blenheim. In November, it rearmed with Vickers Wellingtons, and began bombing a wide variety of enemy targets with the new longer-range planes. In December 1941, the squadron began rearming with Short Stirlings and continued its bombing raids in occupied Europe against everything from infantry columns to V-weapon sites. In July 1942, the unit moved to Downham Market and in March 1944 to Woolfox Lodge in Rutland. In August 1944, it moved once more, this time to Methwold with the Avro Lancaster.

Just before the D-Day invasions in Normandy, the Short Sterling bombers of 218 Squadron undertook diversionary bombing raids against Wehrmacht shore defences near Pas de Calais, in an attack none as Operation Glimmer. The attacks, which were intended to draw German forces away from the real landing sites over 100 miles to the southwest, were so critical to Operation Overlord's success that the squadron was temporarily directed by the civilian physicist Sebastian Pease of RAF Bomber Command's Operational Research Section to ensure that the deception seemed as authentic as possible.[2] It is to the credit of the pilots and navigators of 218 Squadron that the German shore batteries actually opened fire on the "ghost" fleet that they created. The German 2nd Panzer Division and 116th Panzer Division remained at the Pas de Calais for at least two weeks after D-Day, because they believed that Pas de Calais would be the site of a major British operation.

Engine work on a 218 Squadron Lancaster B Mark III at RAF Chedburgh

In December 1944 it moved to Chedburgh as a transport unit. It ceased wartime operations in May 1945, just before the German surrender. Afterwards, it began performing a number of relief efforts in Europe, ranging from rescuing POWs to transporting food and other supplies.

218 Squadron's awards include a Victoria Cross awarded posthumously to Flight Sergeant Arthur Louis Aaron for "most conspicuous bravery" during a raid on Turin on 12/13 August 1943. Despite his aircraft being badly damaged and suffering injuries, he brought his aircraft in to land at Bone, Algeria (now Annaba Airfield) where he later died of his wounds[citation needed].

Post War

The unit was linked to No. 115 Squadron RAF between February 1949 and March 1950 and also for the period June 1950 and June 1957. The squadron was reformed – as 218(SM) Sqn. – on 1 December 1959 as one of 20 Strategic Missile (SM) squadrons associated with Project Emily. The squadron was equipped with three Thor Intermediate range ballistic missiles, and based at RAF Harrington in Northamptonshire. In October 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the squadron was kept at full readiness, with the missiles aimed at strategic targets in the USSR. The squadron was disbanded on 23 August 1963, with the termination of the Thor Program in Britain.

Notable pilots

References

  1. ↑ http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/h218.html
  2. ↑ A Failure of Intelligence Bomber Command OR by Freeman Dyson

External links

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