Luyag na Kaboloan

Luyag na Kaboloan (also spelled Caboloan), referred to in Chinese records as Feng-chia-hsi-lan (Pangasinan, Pinyin: fengjiaxilan), was a sovereign pre-Philippine polity located in the fertile Agno River valley, with Binalatongan was its capital. It expanded its territory and influence to what are now the neighboring provinces of Zambales, La Union, Tarlac, Benguet, Nueva Ecija, and Nueva Vizcaya, and had full independence until the Spanish conquest. It traded with the Kingdom of Ryukyu, Ashikaga shogunate (Japan) and for trading with and sending tribute to Ming China, specializing in the export of Torquise shells, horses and silver.

The Chinese records of this kingdom began when the first tributary King (Chinese: 王, pinyin: Wáng, Wade–Giles: Huang²), Kamayin, sent an envoy offering horses and silver to the Chinese Emperor.

Around the same period, the Srivijaya and Majapahit empires rose in Indonesia and extended their influence over much of Maritime Southeast Asia. Urduja, a legendary woman warrior, is believed to have ruled in Pangasinan around the 14th century.

In the 16th century, Pangasinan was called the "Port of Japan" by the Spanish. The locals wore apparel typical of other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups in addition to Japanese and Chinese silks. Even common people were clad in Chinese and Japanese cotton garments. They also blackened their teeth and were disgusted by the white teeth of foreigners, which were likened to that of animals. They used porcelain jars typical of Japanese and Chinese households. Japanese-style gunpowder weapons were also encountered in naval battles in the area. In exchange for these goods, traders from all over Asia would come to trade primarily for gold and slaves, but also for deerskins, civet and other local products. Other than a notably more extensive trade network with Japan and China, they were culturally similar to other Luzon groups to the south.

The Chinese Pirate Warlord, Limahong briefly invaded this Huangdom after his failure in the Battle of Manila (1574) and he then set-up his pirate enclave full of Wokou (Japanese and Chinese Pirates) in Pangasinan. Nevertheless, the Mexico-born Juan de Salcedo and his force of Latino, Visayan and Tagalog soldiers then assaulted and destroyed the pirate-kingdom, liberated the Pangasinan people and then incorporated the Huangdom of Pangasinan to Spanish-Philippines.

Ruler	Events	From	Until
Kamayin (細馬銀)	Tribute of silver and horses to China	1406	1408
Taymey	Embassy to China formally established	1408	1409
Liyu		1409	?
	Chinese Emperor holds a banquet in honor of Pangasinan	December 11, 1411
Warrior-Princess Udaya	The Huangdom enjoys prosperity	1500s
Chinese Warlord Limahong	Pangasinan is sacked and a pirate-enclave is established	1575
Conquistador Juan de Salcedo	Pirates were repulsed and Pangasinan is incorporated into the Spanish Empire	1575-1576