Honoré Théodoric d'Albert de Luynes

The Duke of Luynes, Chevreuse, and Chaulnes
File:Luynes, Honoré Théodoric d'Albert, duc de.jpg Engraving of the Duke of Loynes (after a photograph by André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri)
Personal details
Born	(1802-12-15)15 December 1802 Paris, France
Died	Rome, Italy
Spouse(s)	Marie Francoise Dauvet de Maineville (m. 1822; her death 1824) Jeanne d'Amys de Ponceau (m. 1846; her death 1861)
Children	Honoré-Louis d'Albert de Luynes
Parents	Charles Marie d'Albert de Luynes Françoise Ermessinde de Narbonne-Pelet

Honoré Théodore Paul Joseph d'Albert, 8th Duke of Luynes (15 December 1802 – 15 December 1867), inheritor of several French titles as duc de Luynes, de Chevreuse et de Chaulnes and an immense fortune, who cut a figure of grand seigneur and supported the exiled comte de Chambord's claim to the throne of France, is remembered most for the collection he gave to the Cabinet des Médailles in 1862.

Early life

He was born on 15 December 1802 in Paris. He was the eldest son of Charles Marie d'Albert, 7th Duke of Luynes (1783–1839) and Françoise Ermessinde de Narbonne-Pelet. His paternal grandparents were Louis Joseph Charles Amable d'Albert, 6th Duke of Luynes and Elisabeth de Montmorency-Laval (a daughter of Guy André Pierre de Montmorency-Laval, 1st Duke of Laval). His maternal grandparents were Francois-Bernard de Narbonne, Count of Pelet and Adelaide Le Conte de Nonant de Pierrecourt.

His youthful Grand Tour to Italy was marred by the death of his companion, his cousin Henri de Montmorency-Laval; he returned to join Louis XVIII's garde du corps.

Career

After his first wife's death in 1824, he returned to Italy, consoling himself with researches at the site of Metapontum in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, which he published, and at the age of twenty-eight was received by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres; his archaeological interests ranged from ancient numismatics and ceramics, the subject of his collections, to recovering the secrets of damscening steel: he received a silver medal for his blades at the Exposition of 1844. He offered a prize of 8000 livres for the first successful process of photolithography while he was assembling one of the finest contemporary natural history collections in France at his château de Dampierre. His collection of ancient coins, medals, engraved stones and Greek vases, he donated to the Cabinet des Médailles. His archaeological interests took him as far as the Dead Sea and to Petra, in May 1864

At Dampierre he commissioned extensive renovations under the antiquarian architect Félix Duban, who had restored the Château de Blois. Paintings by Marc-Charles-Gabriel Gleyre and Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin graced the gallery walls that were hung with red velvet, against which Luynes also mounted trophies of his antique arms, the prize piece of which was the ceremonial sword of Youssuf, son of Boabdil, the last Moorish king of Granada; it followed Luynes' collections to the Cabinet des Médailles. He was quite naturally the head of the committee reporting on metalwork at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and published his findings.

He was also a patron of living classicizing artists, with varying success. In 1840 he commissioned Charles Gleyre to paint murals in the Grand Gallery at Dampierre, but after Gleyre had worked on them for a year, with the prospects of fame before him, the installed decorations were effaced when Félix Duban inspired Luynes to commission Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, recently returned from Rome, to paint large canvases for the Gallery instead. Ingres insisted on frescoing the gallery at Dampierre with the grand subjects Luynes requested, The Age of Gold and The Age of Iron, rather than providing canvases. Ingres installed himself enthusiastically at Dampierre for the project, for which the gallery was replastered to his orders; many drawings and sketches for the proposed works survive, and Luynes' classicizing bent encouraged Ingres' obsessive search for suitable inspiration but Ingres' ardor cooled by 1847, and the contract was eventually cancelled in 1850. From François Rude Luynes commissioned a sculpture of the king who had founded the fortunes of his family; the Louis XIII as a Child was cast in silver rather than bronze. For the Penelope of the sculptor Pierre-Jules Cavelier he paid more than the sculptor asked, and he commissioned Pierre-Charles Simart to recreate the Athena of Phidias, in ivory and gold, based on ancient descriptions: "it cost Luynes a hundred thousand francs to prove that Simart was not Phidias". The bloodstone cup with enamelled gold mounts made for him in 1854-55 by Jean-Valentin Morel, who pioneered the taste for gold-mounted hardstones in neo-Renaissance taste, is now at the Indianapolis Museum of Art.

His politics were liberal. He took an active part in the Revolution of 1830, equipping and arming at his own expense a contingent of National Guard, but refused the offer from the July Monarchy of a pairie but consented to be appointed a representative of the Second Republic, 1848–51, where his role was that of an independent, before he withdrew to Dampierre with the rise of Napoleon III. He was awarded the Prussian order Pour le Mérite in 1853. Yet he died at Rome, a defender of the Papacy against the resurgent powers of a united Italy.

Personal life

In 1822 married Marie Francoise Dauvet de Maineville, daughter of the Marquis de Maineville. Before her early death on 23 July 1824, they were the parents of:

• Honoré-Louis d'Albert de Luynes, Duke of Chevreuse (1823–1854), who married Julie Valentine de Contades (1824–1900), a daughter of Jules Gaspard Amour de Contades and Gabrielle Adèle Alexandrine Amys du Ponceau.

He married secondly, 19 March 1846, Jeanne d'Amys de Ponceau (died at Dampierre 26 July 1861)

Descendants

Through his son Honoré-Louis, he was a grandfather of Marie Julie d'Albert de Luynes (the wife of Elzéar Charles Antoine de Sabran-Pontevès, 3rd Duke of Sabran), Charles Honoré Emmanuel d'Albert de Luynes, 9th Duke of Luynes (1846–1870), and Paul d'Albert de Luynes, 10th Duke of Chaulnes (1852–1881).

Publications

Luynes was responsible for numerous papers and reports. His major publications are:

• Métaponte (Paris:P. Renouard) 1833;
• Commentaire historique et chronologique sur les éphémérides, intitulées Diurnali di messer Matteo di Giovenazzo (Paris: Firmin Didot) 1839;
• Description de quelques vases peints (Laborde, Paris, 1840). Luynes' collection of Greek pottery;
• Choix de médailles grecques, (Paris: Firmin Didot) 1840;
• Essai sur la numismatique des Satrapies et de la Phénicie sous les rois Achæménides (Paris: Firmin Didot, 1846);
• Numismatique et inscriptions cypriotes(Paris:Plon 1852);
• Mémoire sur le sarcophage et l'inscription funéraire d'Esmunazar, roi de Sidon, (Paris: Plon), 1856;
• Voyage d'exploration à la mer Morte, à Petra et sur la rive gauche du Jordan Published posthumously by the comte de Vogüé from Luynes' notes

References

• Boissieu, Arthur de. Lettres d'un Passant, 2nd series 1869, pp. 256–69. January 1868

Further reading

• Shedd, Meredith. "Phidias at the Universal Exposition of 1855: the duc de Luynes and the Athena Parthenos" Gazette des Beaux-Arts (October 1986), pp. 123–34.
• Aghion, I. and M. Avisseau-Broustet, "Le duc de Luynes, archéologue, historien, homme de sciences et collectionneur", Revue de la Bibliothèque nationale de France 3 (1994), pp. 12–19.
• Silvestrelli, Francesca. Le duc de Luynes et la découverte de la Grande Grèce , CJB - Institut National d'Histoire de l’Art, 2018. ISBN 978-2-918887-78-2