File:Diagrama enclave exclave.svg

Summary

Explicative diagram of territorial discontinuities: Enclaves and Exclaves.

Different territories (countries, states, counties, municipalities, etc.) are represented by different colours and letters; separated parts of the same territory are represented by the same colour and letter, with a different number added to each smaller part of that territory (the main part is identified by the letter only).

• A (red):
  • has 3 exclaves (A1, A2 and A3): it is impossible to go from the main part A to any of these pasts going only through territory of A; however:
    • A1 is not an enclave: you can go from A to A1 passing through C or through the sea;
    • A2 is not an enclave: it has land frontiers with more than one "foreign" territory (B and C);
    • A3 is an enclave: it is totally surrounded by B;
  • has 1 enclave (E): "foreign" territory totally surrounded by territory of A;
  • has 2 counter-enclaves, or second-order enclaves (A4 and A5): territories belonging to A which are encroached inside the enclave E;
  • has 1 counter-counter-enclave, or third-order enclave de (E1).

• B (yellow):
  • has 2 enclaves (A3 and D).
• C (green):
  • continuous territory.
• D (orange):
  • is an enclaved territory: it is territorially continuous, but its territory is totally surrounded by a single "foreign" territory (B).
• E (purple):
  • is an enclaved territory: it is encroached inside A;
  • has 2 enclaves (A4 and A5) which are counter-enclaves of the territory surrounding E;
  • has 1 counter-enclave (E1) which is a counter-counter-enclave of A.

In topological terms, A and E are considered non-connected surfaces, and B, C and D are considered connected surfaces. However, C and D are also considered simply connected surfaces, while B is not (it has genus 2, the number of "holes" in B).

Licensing

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