Demographics of Canada

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Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1851 2,414,519 —    
1861 3,174,442 +31.5%
1871 3,689,000 +16.2%
1881 4,325,000 +17.2%
1891 4,833,000 +11.7%
1901 5,371,000 +11.1%
1911 7,207,000 +34.2%
1921 8,788,000 +21.9%
1931 10,377,000 +18.1%
1941 11,507,000 +10.9%
1951 14,050,000 +22.1%
1961 18,271,000 +30.0%
1971 21,962,032 +20.2%
1981 24,819,915 +13.0%
1991 28,037,420 +13.0%
2001 31,020,596 +10.6%
2011 33,476,688 +7.9%
2016 35,151,728 +5.0%
Starting in 1951, figures represent third quarter populations (July 1).
Source: Statistics Canada, 1851–1941[1] and 1951–2011[2]

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Canada, including population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population, the People of Canada.

Population

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Main article: Population of Canada

The Canada 2016 Census had a total population count of 35,151,728 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population.[3][4] Estimates have the population over 36 million as of July 2016.[5]

Provinces and territories

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Main article: List of Canadian provinces and territories by population
Province or territory Population,

2016 Census

 Population,

2011 Census

 Population

Change (%),

2011-2016

 Total land
area (km2)		 Density
(people/km2)		 House of
Commons seats		 People per
seat
Number Percentage Number Percentage
 Ontario 13,448,494 38.26% 12,851,821 38.39% 4.6% 1,076,395 12.19 121 106,213
 Quebec 8,164,361 23.23% 7,903,001 23.61% 3.3% 1,365,128 5.76 78 101,321
 British Columbia 4,648,055 13.22% 4,400,057 13.14% 5.6% 925,186 4.84 42 104,763
 Alberta 4,067,175 11.57% 3,645,257 10.89% 11.6% 642,317 5.77 34 107,213
 Manitoba 1,278,365 3.64% 1,208,268 3.61% 5.8% 553,556 2.22 14 86,305
 Saskatchewan 1,098,352 3.12% 1,033,381 3.09% 6.3% 591,670 1.75 14 73,813
 Nova Scotia 923,598 2.63% 921,727 2.75% 0.2% 53,338 17.63 11 83,793
 New Brunswick 747,101 2.13% 751,171 2.24% -0.5% 71,450 10.50 10 75,117
 Newfoundland and Labrador 519,716 1.48% 514,536 1.54% 1.0% 373,872 1.36 7 73,505
 Prince Edward Island 142,907 0.41% 140,204 0.42% 1.9% 5,660 24.98 4 35,051
 Northwest Territories 41,786 0.12% 41,462 0.12% 0.8% 1,183,085 0.04 1 41,462
 Nunavut 35,944 0.10% 31,906 0.09% 12.7% 1,936,113 0.02 1 31,906
 Yukon 35,874 0.10% 33,897 0.10% 5.8% 474,391 0.07 1 33,897
 Canada 35,151,728 100% 33,476,688 100% 5.0% 9,252,161 3.73 338 99,043
Sources: Statistics Canada[6][7]

Cities

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Main article: List of the 100 largest population centres in Canada
 
Largest cities or towns in Canada
2011 Census[8]
Rank Name Province Pop. Rank Name Province Pop.
Toronto
Toronto
Montreal
Montreal		 1 Toronto Ontario 2,615,060 11 Quebec City Quebec 516,622 Calgary
Calgary
Ottawa
Ottawa
2 Montreal Quebec 1,649,519 12 Surrey British Columbia 468,251
3 Calgary Alberta 1,096,833 13 Laval Quebec 401,553
4 Ottawa Ontario 883,391 14 Halifax Nova Scotia 390,096
5 Edmonton Alberta 812,201 15 London Ontario 366,151
6 Mississauga Ontario 713,443 16 Markham Ontario 301,709
7 Winnipeg Manitoba 663,617 17 Vaughan Ontario 288,301
8 Vancouver British Columbia 603,502 18 Gatineau Quebec 265,349
9 Brampton Ontario 523,911 19 Longueuil Quebec 231,409
10 Hamilton Ontario 519,949 20 Saskatoon Saskatchewan 222,189

Census metropolitan areas

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Main articles: List of largest Canadian cities by census and List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population
Name Province Population Name Province Population
Toronto Ontario 5,583,064 London Ontario 474,786
Montreal Quebec 3,824,221 St. Catharines–Niagara Ontario 392,184
Vancouver British Columbia 2,313,328 Halifax Nova Scotia 390,328
Ottawa–Gatineau Ontario–Quebec 1,236,324 Oshawa Ontario 356,177
Calgary Alberta 1,214,839 Victoria British Columbia 344,615
Edmonton Alberta 1,159,869 Windsor Ontario 319,246
Quebec Quebec 0765,706 Saskatoon Saskatchewan 260,600
Winnipeg Manitoba 0730,018 Regina Saskatchewan 210,556
Hamilton Ontario 0721,053 Sherbrooke Quebec 201,890
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo Ontario 0477,160 St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador 196,966

Population growth rates

According to OECD/World Bank, the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the United States and 31.2% growth in Mexico. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, between 1990–2008 the world population growth was 27%, a total of 1,423 million people.[9]

Rank Province or territory Population
(2011)		 Population
(2006)		 Difference Change
(%)
1 Ontario 12,851,821 12,160,282 691,539 5.7
2 Quebec 7,903,001 7,546,131 356,870 4.7
3 British Columbia 4,400,057 4,113,487 286,570 7.0
4 Alberta 3,645,257 3,290,350 354,907 10.8
5 Manitoba 1,208,268 1,148,401 59,867 5.2
6 Saskatchewan 1,033,381 968,157 65,224 6.7
7 Nova Scotia 921,727 913,462 8,265 0.9
8 New Brunswick 751,171 729,997 21,174 2.9
9 Newfoundland and Labrador 514,536 505,469 9,067 1.8
10 Prince Edward Island 140,204 135,851 4,353 3.2
11 Northwest Territories 41,462 41,464 −2 0.0
12 Yukon 33,897 30,372 3,525 11.6
13 Nunavut 31,906 29,474 2,432 8.3
Total Canada 33,476,688 31,612,897 1,863,791 5.9

Derived from: Statistics Canada – (table) Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2011 and 2006 Censuses – 100% Data

Population projection

Vital statistics

[12][13][14] Average population (x 1,000) Live births Deaths Natural change Birth rate (per 1,000) Death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000)
1900 5,500 150,000 89,000 61,000 27.2 16.2 11.0
1901 5,600 175,000 79,000 96,000 31.2 14.1 17.1
1902 5,760 180,000 77,000 103,000 31.3 13.4 17.9
1903 5,930 186,000 78,000 108,000 31.3 13.2 18.1
1904 6,100 192,000 82,000 110,000 31.4 13.5 17.9
1905 6,280 195,000 82,000 113,000 31.0 13.0 18.0
1906 6,460 193,000 85,000 108,000 29.9 13.2 16.7
1907 6,650 196,000 85,000 111,000 29.5 12.8 16.7
1908 6,850 208,000 86,000 122,000 30.3 12.6 17.7
1909 7,040 213,000 90,000 123,000 30.2 12.8 17.4
1910 7,250 220,000 95,000 125,000 30.4 13.1 17.3
1911 7,460 225,000 100,000 125,000 30.1 13.4 16.7
1912 7,610 238,000 99,000 139,000 31.3 13.0 19.3
1913 7,760 246,000 102,000 144,000 31.7 13.1 19.6
1914 7,910 252,000 100,000 152,000 31.9 12.6 19.3
1915 8,060 257,000 101,000 156,000 31.9 12.5 19.4
1916 8,220 252,000 107,000 145,000 30.7 13.0 17.7
1917 8,380 244,000 106,000 138,000 29.1 12.7 16.4
1918 8,450 243,000 134,000 109,000 28.8 15.9 12.9
1919 8,710 241,000 119,000 122,000 27.7 13.7 14.0
1920 8,880 259,000 118,000 141,000 29.2 13.3 15.9
1921 9,060 265,000 105,000 160,000 29.3 11.6 17.7
1922 9,230 261,000 107,000 154,000 28.3 11.6 16.7
1923 9,400 251,000 111,000 140,000 26.7 11.8 14.9
1924 9,560 255,000 104,000 151,000 26.7 10.9 15.8
1925 9,730 254,000 104,000 150,000 26.1 10.7 15.4
1926 9,890 244,000 113,000 131,000 24.7 11.4 13.3
1927 10,040 244,000 110,000 134,000 24.3 11.0 13.3
1928 10,190 246,000 114,000 132,000 24.1 11.2 12.9
1929 10,350 243,000 118,000 125,000 23.5 11.4 12.1
1930 10,498 251,000 113,000 138,000 23.9 10.8 13.1
1931 10,630 247,000 108,000 139,000 23.2 10.2 13.0
1932 10,794 243,000 108,000 135,000 22.5 10.0 12.5
1933 10,919 229,000 106,000 123,000 21.0 9.7 11.3
1934 11,029 228,296 105,277 123,019 20.7 9.5 11.2
1935 11,135 228,396 109,724 118,672 20.5 9.9 10.6
1936 11,242 227,980 111,111 116,869 20.3 9.9 10.4
1937 11,339 227,878 118,019 109,859 20.1 10.4 9.7
1938 11,448 237,091 110,647 126,444 20.7 9.7 11.0
1939 11,565 237,991 112,729 125,262 20.6 9.7 10.9
1940 11,682 252,577 114,717 137,860 21.6 9.8 11.8
1941 11,810 263,993 118,797 145,196 22.4 10.1 12.3
1942 11,962 281,569 117,110 164,459 23.5 9.8 13.7
1943 12,125 292,943 122,640 170,303 24.2 10.1 14.1
1944 12,291 283,967 120,393 163,574 24.0 9.8 14.2
1945 12,441 300,570 117,319 183,251 24.3 9.5 14.8
1946 12,637 343,504 118,785 224,719 27.2 9.4 17.8
1947 12,919 372,443 121,478 250,965 28.9 9.4 19.5
1948 13,167 359,860 122,974 236,886 27.3 9.3 18.0
1949 13,475 367,092 124,567 242,525 27.2 9.2 18.0
1950 13,737 372,009 124,220 247,789 27.1 9.0 18.0
1951 14,050 381,092 125,823 255,269 27.1 9.0 18.2
1952 14,496 403,559 126,385 277,174 27.8 8.7 19.1
1953 14,886 417,884 127,791 290,093 28.1 8.6 19.5
1954 15,330 436,198 124,855 311,343 28.5 8.1 20.3
1955 15,736 442,937 128,476 314,461 28.1 8.2 20.0
1956 16,123 450,739 131,961 318,778 28.0 8.2 19.8
1957 16,677 469,093 136,579 332,514 28.1 8.2 19.9
1958 17,120 470,118 135,201 334,917 27.5 7.9 19.6
1959 17,522 479,275 139,913 339,362 27.4 8.0 19.4
1960 17,909 478,551 139,693 338,858 26.7 7.8 18.9
1961 18,271 475,700 140,985 334,715 26.0 7.7 18.3
1962 18,614 469,693 143,699 325,994 25.2 7.7 17.5
1963 18,964 465,767 147,367 318,400 24.6 7.8 16.8
1964 19,325 452,915 145,850 307,065 23.4 7.5 15.9
1965 19,678 418,595 148,939 269,656 21.3 7.6 13.7
1966 20,048 387,710 149,863 237,847 19.3 7.5 11.9
1967 20,412 370,894 150,283 220,611 18.2 7.4 10.8
1968 20,744 364,310 153,196 211,114 17.6 7.4 10.2
1969 21,028 369,647 154,477 215,170 17.6 7.3 10.2
1970 21,324 371,988 155,961 216,027 17.4 7.3 10.1
1971 21,962 362,187 157,272 204,915 16.7 7.3 9.5
1972 22,218 347,319 162,413 184,906 15.8 7.4 8.4
1973 22,492 343,373 164,039 179,334 15.4 7.4 8.1
1974 22,808 350,650 166,794 178,851 15.3 7.4 7.9
1975 23,143 359,323 167,176 191,919 15.6 7.3 8.3
1976 23,450 359,987 167,009 192,978 15.4 7.2 8.3
1977 23,726 361,400 167,498 193,902 15.3 7.1 8.2
1978 23,963 358,852 168,179 190,673 15.0 7.0 8.0
1979 24,202 366,064 168,183 197,881 15.1 6.9 8.2
1980 24,516 370,709 171,473 199,236 15.1 7.0 8.1
1981 24,820 371,346 171,029 200,317 14.9 6.8 8.0
1982 25,117 373,082 174,413 198,669 14.8 6.9 7.9
1983 25,367 373,689 174,484 199,205 14.6 6.8 7.8
1984 25,608 377,031 175,727 201,304 14.6 6.8 7.8
1985 25,843 375,727 181,323 194,404 14.4 7.0 7.5
1986 26,101 372,913 184,224 188,689 14.3 7.1 7.2
1987 26,449 369,742 184,953 184,789 14.0 7.0 7.0
1988 26,795 376,795 190,011 186,784 14.1 7.1 7.0
1989 27,282 392,661 190,965 201,696 14.4 7.0 7.4
1990 27,698 405,486 191,973 213,513 14.6 6.9 7.7
1991 28,031 402,533 195,569 206,964 14.4 7.0 7.4
1992 28,367 398,643 196,535 202,108 14.1 6.9 7.1
1993 28,682 388,394 204,912 183,482 13.5 7.1 6.4
1994 28,999 385,114 207,077 178,037 13.3 7.1 6.1
1995 29,302 378,016 210,733 167,283 12.9 7.2 5.7
1996 29,611 366,200 212,880 153,320 12.4 7.2 5.2
1997 29,907 348,598 215,669 132,929 11.7 7.2 4.4
1998 30,157 342,418 218,091 124,327 11.4 7.2 4.1
1999 30,404 337,249 219,530 117,719 11.1 7.2 3.9
2000 30,689 327,882 218,062 109,820 10.7 7.1 3.6
2001 31,021 333,744 219,538 114,206 10.8 7.1 3.7
2002 31,373 328,802 223,603 105,199 10.5 7.1 3.4
2003 31,676 335,202 226,169 109,033 10.6 7.1 3.4
2004 31,941 337,072 226,584 110,488 10.6 7.1 3.5
2005 32,245 342,176 230,132 112,044 10.6 7.1 3.5
2006 32,576 354,617 228,079 126,538 10.9 7.0 3.9
2007 32,930 367,864 235,217 132,647 11.2 7.1 4.0
2008 33,318 377,886 238,617 139,269 11.3 7.2 4.2
2009 33,727 380,863 242,277 138,586 11.3 7.2 4.1
2010 34,127 377,213 247,926 129,287 11.1 7.3 3.8
2011 34,484 377,636 254,731 122,905 11.0 7.4 3.6
2012 34,880 381,429 256,965 124,464 10.9 7.4 3.6
2013 35,293 386,044 256,982 129,062 11.0 7.4 3.7
2014 35,667 389,914 266,164 123,750 10.9 7.6 3.3
2015 35,981 390,836 267,875 122,961 10.9 7.6 3.3
2016(p) 36,503 395,065 272,891 122,174 10.8 7.5 3.3

(p)=January-September 2016

Current population growth

Age characteristics:

Population by age and gender, 2011[15]
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0 to 4 years 961,150 915,945 1,877,095 5.6%
5 to 9 years 925,965 883,935 1,809,895 5.4%
10 to 14 years 983,995 936,360 1,920,355 5.7%
15 to 19 years 1,115,845 1,062,295 2,178,135 6.5%
20 to 24 years 1,108,775 1,078,670 2,187,450 6.5%
25 to 29 years 1,077,275 1,092,315 2,169,590 6.5%
30 to 34 years 1,058,810 1,104,095 2,162,905 6.5%
35 to 39 years 1,064,200 1,109,735 2,173,930 6.5%
40 to 44 years 1,141,720 1,183,155 2,324,875 6.9%
45 to 49 years 1,318,715 1,356,420 2,675,130 8%
50 to 54 years 1,309,030 1,349,940 2,658,965 7.9%
55 to 59 years 1,147,300 1,193,335 2,340,635 7%
60 to 64 years 1,002,690 1,049,985 2,052,670 6.1%
65 to 69 years 738,010 783,705 1,521,715 4.5%
70 to 74 years 543,435 609,630 1,153,065 3.4%
75 to 79 years 417,945 504,755 922,700 2.8%
80 to 84 years 291,085 410,985 702,070 2.1%
85 years and over 208,300 437,215 645,515 1.9%
Total 16,414,225 17,062,460 33,476,685 100%
0 to 14 years 2,871,110 2,736,240 5,607,345 16.8%
15 to 64 years 11,344,360 11,579,945 22,924,285 68.5%
65 years and over 2,198,775 2,746,290 4,945,065 14.8%

Net migration rate: 5.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Urbanization:

  • urban population: 81% of total population (2010)
  • rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010-2015 est.)
Population pyramid in 2010

Sex ratio:

  • at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  • 15 – 24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • 25 - 54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
  • 55 - 64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Maternal mortality rate: 12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy:

  • total population: 81.57 years
  • male: 78.98 years
  • female: 84.31 years (2013 est.)

Median age

  • total: 40.6 years
    • male: 39.6 years
    • female: 41.5 years (2011)

Median age by province and territory, 2011

  1. Newfoundland and Labrador: 44.0
  2. Nova Scotia: 43.7
  3. New Brunswick:43.7
  4. Prince Edward Island: 42.8
  5. Quebec: 41.9
  6. British Columbia: 41.9
  7. Ontario: 40.4
  8. Yukon: 39.1
  9. Manitoba: 38.4
  10. Saskatchewan: 38.2
  11. Alberta: 36.5
  12. Northwest Territories: 32.3
  13. Nunavut: 24.1

Total: 40.6

Sources: Statistics Canada[16]

Ethnicity

Ethnic origin

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Main article: Ethnic origins of people in Canada

In the 2006 census, Canadians could identify as being of one or more ethnicities. Percentages therefore add up to more than 100%. The most common response was "Canadian". As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.

Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, about 28% of the population will be foreign-born. The number of people belonging to visible minority groups will double,[17] and make up the majority of the population in Toronto and Vancouver.

Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnic origins were (2011):

Ethnic origin[Note 1]  % Population Area of largest proportion
Canadian 32.16% 10,563,805 Quebec (59.1%)
English 19.81% 6,509,500 Newfoundland and Labrador (43.4%)
French 15.42% 5,065,690 Quebec (29.1%)
Scottish 14.35% 4,714,965 Prince Edward Island (39.3%)
Irish 13.83% 4,544,865 Prince Edward Island (30.4%)
German 9.75% 3,203,325 Saskatchewan (28.6%)
Italian 4.53% 1,488,420 Ontario (7.0%)
Chinese 4.53% 1,487,580 British Columbia (10.7%)
First Nations 4.17% 1,369,115 Northwest Territories (37.0%)
Ukrainian 3.81% 1,251,170 Manitoba (14.9%)
East Indian 3.55% 1,165,145 British Columbia (6.3%)
Dutch (Netherlands) 3.25% 1,067,245 Alberta (5.1%)
Polish 3.08% 1,010,700 Manitoba (7.3%)
Filipino 2.02% 662,605 Manitoba (5.2%)
British, not included elsewhere 1.75% 576,030 Yukon (2.4%)
Russian 1.68% 550,515 Manitoba (4.3%)
Welsh 1.40% 458,705 Yukon (2.8%)
Norwegian 1.38% 452,710 Saskatchewan (6.9%)
Métis 1.36% 447,655 Northwest Territories (6.7%)
Portuguese 1.31% 429,850 Ontario (2.3%)
American 1.13% 372,575 Yukon (2.2%)
Spanish 1.12% 368,305 British Columbia (1.4%)
Swedish 1.04% 341,845 Saskatchewan (3.2%)
Hungarian 0.96% 316,760 Saskatchewan (2.8%)
Jewish 0.94% 309,650 Ontario (1.4%)

Data from the same subject matter, though from 2001, is also grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada as follows:[18]

2001
North American (non-aboriginal) 40.21%
British Isles 33.64%
French 15.89%
Western European 12.78%
Eastern European 8.50%
Southern European 7.87%
2001
East and Southeast Asian 6.03%
Aboriginal 4.45%
South Asian 3.25%
Northern European 3.22%
Caribbean 1.70%
Other European 1.28%
2001
Arab 1.17%
African 0.99%
Latin, Central and
South American		 0.82%
West Asian 0.69%
Oceania 0.16%
Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (32,852,325 in 2011) and total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries with responses totalling to more than 1% of the total number of responses are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada.[19][20]

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows[21] (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

  • Quebec (7,723,525): Canadian (59.1%), French (29.1%)
  • New Brunswick (735,835): Canadian (50.3%), French (27.2%), English (25.9%), Irish (21.6%), Scottish (19.9%)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador (507,265): Canadian (49.0%), English (43.4%), Irish (21.8%)
  • Nova Scotia (906,170): Canadian (39.1%), Scottish (31.2%), English (30.8%), Irish (22.3%), French (17.0%), German (10.8%)
  • Prince Edward Island (137,375): Scottish (39.3%), Canadian (36.8%), English (31.1%), Irish (30.4%), French (21.1%)
  • Ontario (12,651,795): Canadian (23.3%), English (23.1%), Scottish (16.4%), Irish (16.4%), French (10.8%)
  • Alberta (3,567,980): English (24.9%), Canadian (21.8%), German (19.2%), Scottish (18.8%), Irish (15.8%), French (11.1%)
  • Manitoba (1,174,345): English (21.8%), German (18.6%), Canadian (18.5%), Scottish (18.0%), Ukrainian (14.9%), Irish (13.2%), French (12.6%), North American Indian (10.6%)
  • Saskatchewan (1,008,760): German (28.6%), English (24.9%), Scottish (18.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Irish (15.5%), Ukrainian (13.5%), French (12.2%), North American Indian (12.1%)
  • British Columbia (4,324,455): English (27.7%), Scottish (19.3%), Canadian (19.1%), German (13.1%), Chinese (10.7%)
  • Yukon (33,320): English (28.5%), Scottish (25.0%), Irish (22.0%), North American Indian (21.8%), Canadian (21.8%), German (15.6%), French (13.1%)
  • Northwest Territories (40,800): North American Indian (37.0%), Scottish (13.9%), English (13.7%), Canadian (12.8%), Irish (11.9%), Inuit (11.7%)
  • Nunavut (31,700): Inuit (85.4%)

Bold indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has the highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces.

Ethnic origin[Note 1] Canadian English French Scottish Irish German Italian Chinese First Nations Ukrainian Dutch
Canada 32.1 19.8 15.4 14.3 13.8 9.7 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.2
Ontario 23 24.7 11.2 17.5 16.5 9.5 7.2 5.4 2.6 2.8 4.1
Quebec 60.1 3.3 28.8 2.7 5.5 1.8 4.0 1.2 3.0 0.4 0.3
British Columbia 17.7 29.6 8.9 20.3 15.2 13.8 3.5 10.6 4.7 4.8 4.8
Alberta 21.8 24.9 11.1 18.8 15.8 19.2 2.5 4.4 5.0 9.7 5.1
Manitoba 18.2 22.1 13.1 18.5 13.4 19.1 1.6 1.5 10.6 14.7 4.9
Newfoundland and Labrador 53.4 39.4 5.4 6.0 19.7 1.2 0.2 0.2 3.1 0.1 0.3
Prince Edward Island 44.9 28.7 21.3 38 27.9 4.1 0.5 0.1 1.0 0.3 3.1
Nova Scotia 37.6 34.2 18 29.8 24.5 12 1.8 1.0 3.4 1.1 4.0
New Brunswick 57.8 23 26.8 17.7 18.9 3.8 1.7 1.1 3.3 0.1 1.8
Saskatchewan 25 24.5 11.4 17.9 14.5 28.6 0.5 1.0 10.5 12.6 3.4

Visible minority population

Statistics Canada identifies visible minorities in accordance with the Employment Equity Act. Statistics Canada states the "Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'"[22]

Visible and non-visible minority populations by group, 1996–2011
Group 1996[23][24] 2001[25] 2006[26] 2011[22]
Total Pct. Total Pct. Total Pct. Total Pct.
Total visible minority population 3,197,480 11.2% 3,983,845 13.4% 5,068,095 16.2% 6,264,750 19.1%
South Asian 670,590 2.4% 917,075 3.1% 1,262,865 4% 1,567,400 4.8%
Chinese 860,150 3% 1,029,395 3.5% 1,216,565 3.9% 1,324,750 4%
Black 573,860 2% 662,215 2.2% 783,795 2.5% 945,665 2.9%
Filipino 234,195 0.8% 308,575 1% 410,695 1.3% 619,310 1.9%
Latin American 176,970 0.6% 216,980 0.7% 304,245 1% 381,280 1.2%
Arab/West Asian 244,665 0.9%
Arab 194,685 0.7% 265,550 0.9% 380,620 1.2%
Southeast Asian 172,765 0.6% 198,880 0.7% 239,935 0.8% 312,075 0.9%
West Asian 109,285 0.4% 156,700 0.5% 206,840 0.6%
Korean 64,835 0.2% 100,660 0.3% 141,890 0.5% 161,130 0.5%
Japanese 68,135 0.2% 73,315 0.2% 81,300 0.3% 87,270 0.3%
Visible minority, n.i.e. 69,745 0.2% 98,915 0.3% 71,420 0.2% 106,475 0.3%
Multiple visible minorities 61,575 0.2% 73,875 0.2% 133,120 0.4% 171,935 0.5%
Not a visible minority 25,330,645 88.8% 25,655,185 86.6% 26,172,935 83.8% 26,587,575 80.9%
Aboriginal identity (see breakdown below) 799,005 2.8% 976,305 3.3% 1,172,785 3.8% 1,400,685 4.3%
Others (Caucasian or White) 24,531,640 86% 24,678,880 83.3% 25,000,150 80% 25,186,890 76.7%
Total population in private households 28,528,125 100% 29,639,030 100% 31,241,030 100% 32,852,320 100%

By province and territory

Visible minority population by province and territory, 2011[27]
Province/territory Not a visible minority South Asian Chinese Black Filipino Latin American Arab Southeast Asian West Asian Korean Japanese Visible minority, n.i.e. Multiple visible minorities Total visible minority population Total population Percent visible minority
Alberta[28] 2,690,960 156,665 133,390 74,435 106,035 41,305 34,920 41,025 16,030 15,000 12,415 6,270 18,840 656,325 3,567,980 18.39%
British Columbia[29] 2,911,295 313,440 438,140 33,260 126,040 35,465 14,090 51,970 38,960 53,770 38,120 6,465 31,160 1,180,870 4,324,455 27.31%
Manitoba[30] 824,830 25,265 17,025 19,610 59,220 9,140 3,235 7,565 2,040 3,045 1,745 1,765 3,975 153,625 1,174,350 13.08%
New Brunswick[31] 696,080 2,445 2,540 4,870 1,100 1,160 1,380 730 305 1,855 305 85 360 17,135 735,835 2.33%
Newfoundland and Labrador[32] 464,540 1,855 1,645 1,455 350 185 370 320 155 80 60 205 250 6,930 507,270 1.37%
Northwest Territories[33] 16,920 185 380 555 895 105 115 230 60 50 45 75 30 2,720 40,800 6.67%
Nova Scotia[34] 825,055 4,965 6,050 20,790 1,890 1,360 6,290 1,155 1,365 960 445 720 1,290 47,270 906,175 5.22%
Nunavut[35] 3,825 95 65 120 130 25 15 30 0 10 0 10 0 510 31,700 1.61%
Ontario[36] 9,070,800 965,990 629,140 539,205 275,380 172,560 151,645 137,875 122,530 78,290 29,085 81,130 96,735 3,279,565 12,651,795 25.92%
Prince Edward Island[37] 130,890 485 1,830 390 85 235 200 205 345 140 210 75 70 4,260 137,380 3.10%
Quebec[38] 6,740,375 83,320 82,845 243,625 31,495 116,380 166,260 65,855 23,445 6,665 4,025 8,895 17,420 850,235 7,732,525 11.00%
Saskatchewan[39] 787,745 12,325 11,300 7,255 16,025 3,250 2,095 4,910 1,600 1,270 720 745 1,775 63,275 1,008,760 6.27%
Yukon[40] 23,590 365 400 100 675 110 0 210 0 0 80 35 35 2,025 33,320 6.08%
Canada[41] 25,186,890 1,567,400 1,324,750 945,665 619,310 381,280 380,620 312,075 206,840 161,130 87,270 106,475 171,935 6,264,750 32,852,325 19.07%

All statistics are from the Canada 2011 Census.

By city over 100,000

Visible minority in Canadian cities over 100,000 people, 2011[27]
City Population European Visible minority Black East Asian Latin American South Asian Southeast Asian West Asian Arab Multiracial Other
Toronto 2,576,025 50.2% 49.1% 8.5% 12.7% 2.8% 12.3% 7.0% 2.0% 1.1% 1.5% 1.3%
Montreal 1,612,640 67.7% 31.7% 9.1% 3.2% 4.2% 3.3% 3.8% 0.8% 6.4% 0.6% 0.3%
Calgary 1,082,235 67.3% 30.1% 2.9% 8.1% 1.8% 7.5% 6.3% 0.8% 1.5% 0.8% 0.3%
Ottawa 867,090 74.2% 23.7% 5.7% 4.5% 1.2% 3.9% 2.8% 0.9% 3.7% 0.7% 0.2%
Edmonton 795,675 64.7% 30.0% 3.8% 7.1% 1.7% 7.2% 6.5% 0.9% 1.7% 0.8% 0.3%
Mississauga 708,725 45.8% 53.7% 6.3% 8.3% 2.2% 21.8% 7.8% 1.1% 3.5% 1.5% 1.3%
Winnipeg 649,995 66.9% 21.4% 2.7% 2.9% 1.0% 3.5% 9.8% 0.3% 0.4% 0.6% 0.2%
Vancouver 590,210 46.2% 51.8% 1.0% 30.9% 1.6% 6.0% 9.0% 1.2% 0.5% 1.5% 0.2%
Brampton 521,315 32.9% 66.4% 13.5% 1.8% 2.2% 38.4% 5.1% 0.7% 0.8% 1.4% 2.6%
Hamilton 509,640 82.3% 15.7% 3.2% 2.2% 1.4% 3.4% 2.6% 0.8% 1.4% 0.4% 0.3%
Quebec City 502,595 95.0% 4.0% 1.1% 0.4% 1.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1%
Surrey 463,340 44.5% 52.6% 1.3% 8.5% 1.2% 30.7% 8.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.9% 0.2%
Laval 392,725 78.7% 20.7% 6.2% 0.9% 2.5% 1.7% 2.2% 0.8% 5.9% 0.3% 0.1%
Halifax 384,330 88.4% 9.1% 3.6% 1.5% 0.3% 1.0% 0.6% 0.4% 1.4% 0.3% 0.1%
London 360,715 82.0% 16.1% 2.4% 2.9% 2.7% 2.2% 1.7% 0.8% 2.6% 0.5% 0.2%
Markham 300,135 27.5% 72.3% 3.2% 39.7% 0.5% 19.1% 3.9% 2.1% 1.1% 1.9% 0.7%
Vaughan 286,305 68.4% 31.4% 2.7% 6.3% 2.1% 9.7% 5.7% 2.1% 1.0% 1.0% 0.8%
Gatineau 261,665 86.2% 10.3% 3.9% 1.0% 1.5% 0.3% 0.7% 0.2% 2.5% 0.2% 0.1%
Longueuil 227,970 84.8% 14.2% 4.6% 1.4% 2.5% 0.9% 1.4% 0.6% 2.3% 0.2% 0.2%
Burnaby 220,255 39.1% 59.5% 1.6% 36.0% 1.7% 7.9% 7.7% 2.0% 0.7% 1.8% 0.2%
Saskatoon 218,315 77.4% 12.8% 1.1% 2.7% 0.6% 2.7% 3.9% 0.5% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2%
Kitchener 215,950 80.1% 18.4% 3.1% 2.2% 2.7% 4.1% 3.0% 1.1% 1.2% 0.6% 0.4%
Windsor 208,015 74.8% 22.9% 4.6% 3.2% 1.1% 3.9% 3.1% 0.8% 5.5% 0.5% 0.4%
Regina 189,740 78.6% 11.5% 1.6% 2.2% 0.7% 2.6% 3.5% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0%
Richmond 189,305 28.6% 70.4% 0.7% 49.8% 0.9% 7.7% 7.8% 0.7% 0.5% 2.3% 0.2%
Richmond Hill 184,370 46.9% 52.9% 2.0% 26.9% 0.9% 8.1% 3.0% 8.6% 1.7% 1.3% 0.4%
Oakville 180,430 77.2% 22.8% 2.7% 5.3% 1.5% 7.2% 2.7% 0.7% 1.6% 0.8% 0.4%
Burlington 173,495 87.1% 12.0% 1.6% 2.4% 1.0% 3.6% 1.3% 0.5% 0.9% 0.5% 0.2%
Greater Sudbury 157,765 89.1% 2.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0%
Sherbrooke 150,255 93.6% 5.5% 1.7% 0.3% 1.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.9% 0.1% 0.0%
Oshawa 147,680 88.7% 9.3% 3.2% 1.1% 0.7% 1.9% 1.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4%
Saguenay 141,335 96.6% 0.9% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
Lévis 135,835 98.0% 1.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%
Barrie 133,240 89.8% 7.6% 1.9% 1.3% 0.8% 1.3% 1.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4%
Abbotsford 130,950 66.5% 29.6% 0.9% 2.9% 0.6% 22.4% 1.5% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3%
St. Catharines 128,770 88.3% 9.9% 2.1% 1.9% 1.5% 1.1% 1.3% 0.3% 1.0% 0.3% 0.3%
Trois-Rivières 126,980 96.3% 2.5% 0.9% 0.2% 0.6% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Cambridge 125,060 85.4% 12.6% 1.9% 1.2% 1.0% 5.2% 1.7% 0.3% 0.6% 0.3% 0.4%
Coquitlam 125,015 54.1% 43.8% 1.0% 24.1% 1.5% 4.2% 5.1% 5.1% 0.8% 1.3% 0.2%
Kingston 118,930 89.7% 7.4% 0.9% 2.1% 0.7% 1.7% 0.9% 0.3% 0.6% 0.1% 0.1%
Whitby 120,285 79.5% 19.2% 6.2% 2.5% 0.8% 4.7% 2.2% 0.5% 0.6% 1.0% 0.7%
Guelph 120,550 82.7% 15.7% 1.4% 3.1% 1.0% 4.1% 4.0% 0.8% 0.5% 0.5% 0.2%
Kelowna 114,570 87.9% 7.6% 0.6% 2.6% 0.5% 2.3% 1.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
Saanich 107,855 79.3% 18.0% 1.1% 8.6% 0.7% 3.8% 2.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2%
Ajax 109,220 53.2% 45.8% 16.0% 2.8% 1.0% 13.8% 5.0% 1.6% 1.1% 2.0% 2.6%
Thunder Bay 105,950 87.1% 3.4% 0.5% 1.0% 0.2% 0.5% 0.7% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1%
Terrebonne 105,610 91.7% 7.6% 4.5% 0.2% 1.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 1.1% 0.1% 0.1%
St. John's 103,905 93.3% 4.4% 0.9% 1.1% 0.1% 1.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Langley 103,145 83.2% 13.4% 0.5% 6.3% 0.6% 2.7% 2.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% 0.1%
Chatham-Kent 101,680 93.2% 3.9% 1.9% 0.5% 0.3% 0.5% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%

Aboriginal population

Aboriginal population in Canada, 1996–2011 censuses
Group 1996[23] 2001[25] 2006[26] 2011[22]
 % Total  % Total  % Total  % Total
Total Aboriginal 2.8% 799,005 3.3% 976,305 3.8% 1,172,785 4.3% 1,400,685
First Nations 1.8% 529,040 2.1% 608,850 2.2% 698,025 2.6% 851,560
Métis 0.7% 204,115 1.0% 292,305 1.2% 389,780 1.4% 451,795
Inuit 0.14% 40,220 0.16% 50,485 0.2% 59,445

Note: Inuit, other Aboriginal and mixed Aboriginal groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Aboriginal

By province and territory

Aboriginal population by province and territory, 2011[27]
Province/territory Not Aboriginal First Nations Métis Inuit Aboriginal, n.i.e. Multiple Aboriginal identities Total Aboriginal population Total population
Alberta[28] 2,690,960 116,670 96,870 1,985 3,300 1,870 220,695 3,567,980
British Columbia[29] 2,911,295 155,020 69,475 1,570 3,745 2,480 232,290 4,324,455
Manitoba[30] 824,830 114,225 78,830 580 1,055 1,200 195,895 1,174,350
New Brunswick[31] 696,080 16,120 4,850 485 1,020 150 22,620 735,835
Newfoundland and Labrador[32] 464,540 19,315 7,660 6,265 2,300 260 35,800 507,270
Northwest Territories[33] 16,920 13,350 3,250 4,335 185 45 21,160 40,800
Nova Scotia[34] 825,055 21,895 10,050 695 980 225 33,850 906,175
Nunavut[35] 3,825 125 130 27,070 15 20 27,365 31,700
Ontario[36] 9,070,800 201,100 86,020 3,355 8,040 2,910 301,430 12,651,795
Prince Edward Island[37] 130,890 1,520 410 55 235 0 2,230 137,380
Quebec[38] 6,740,375 82,425 40,960 12,570 4,415 1,545 141,915 7,732,525
Saskatchewan[39] 787,745 103,205 52,450 290 1,120 675 157,740 1,008,760
Yukon[40] 23,590 6,585 845 175 70 25 7,705 33,320
Canada[41] 25,186,890 851,560 451,795 59,440 26,475 11,415 1,400,685 32,852,325

All statistics are from the Canada 2011 Census.

By city over 100,000

Aboriginal population in Canadian cities over 100,000 people, 2011[27]
City Population European Total Aboriginal First Nations Métis
Toronto 2,576,025 50.2% 0.7% 0.5% 0.2%
Montreal 1,612,640 67.7% 0.6% 0.3% 0.2%
Calgary 1,082,235 67.3% 2.7% 1.2% 1.4%
Ottawa 867,090 74.2% 2.1% 1.2% 0.7%
Edmonton 795,675 64.7% 5.3% 2.4% 2.7%
Mississauga 708,725 45.8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1%
Winnipeg 649,995 66.9% 11.7% 5.9% 6.3%
Vancouver 590,210 46.2% 2.0% 1.3% 0.6%
Brampton 521,315 32.9% 0.7% 0.4% 0.2%
Hamilton 509,640 82.3% 2.0% 1.6% 0.3%
Quebec City 502,595 95.0% 0.9% 0.5% 0.4%
Surrey 463,340 44.5% 2.9% 1.9% 1.0%
Laval 392,725 78.7% 0.6% 0.3% 0.2%
Halifax 384,330 88.4% 2.5% 1.5% 0.8%
London 360,715 82.0% 1.9% 1.4% 0.4%
Markham 300,135 27.5% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%
Vaughan 286,305 68.4% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%
Gatineau 261,665 86.2% 3.5% 1.8% 1.5%
Longueuil 227,970 84.8% 1.0% 0.6% 0.0%
Burnaby 220,255 39.1% 1.5% 0.9% 0.5%
Saskatoon 218,315 77.4% 10.2% 4.9% 4.6%
Kitchener 215,950 80.1% 1.5% 0.9% 0.5%
Windsor 208,015 74.8% 2.3% 1.3% 0.9%
Regina 189,740 78.6% 9.9% 5.8% 3.9%
Richmond 189,305 28.6% 1.0% 0.7% 0.3%
Richmond Hill 184,370 46.9% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%
Oakville 180,430 77.2% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2%
Burlington 173,495 87.1% 0.9% 0.5% 0.3%
Greater Sudbury 157,765 89.1% 8.2% 3.8% 4.1%
Sherbrooke 150,255 93.6% 0.9% 0.5% 0.3%
Oshawa 147,680 88.7% 2.0% 1.2% 0.8%
Saguenay 141,335 96.6% 2.5% 0.8% 1.6%
Lévis 135,835 98.0% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2%
Barrie 133,240 89.8% 2.6% 1.4% 1.2%
Abbotsford 130,950 66.5% 4.0% 2.5% 1.6%
St. Catharines 128,770 88.3% 1.9% 1.2% 0.6%
Trois-Rivières 126,980 96.3% 1.1% 0.6% 0.4%
Cambridge 125,060 85.4% 2.0% 1.2% 0.6%
Coquitlam 125,015 54.1% 2.1% 1.1% 0.9%
Kingston 118,930 89.7% 2.9% 2.0% 0.8%
Whitby 120,285 79.5% 1.2% 0.7% 0.4%
Guelph 120,550 82.7% 1.6% 1.0% 0.6%
Kelowna 114,570 87.9% 4.5% 2.1% 2.3%
Saanich 107,855 79.3% 2.7% 1.5% 1.1%
Ajax 109,220 53.2% 1.0% 0.7% 0.3%
Thunder Bay 105,950 87.1% 9.5% 7.3% 2.0%
Terrebonne 105,610 91.7% 0.7% 0.5% 0.1%
St. John's 103,905 93.3% 2.6% 1.2% 0.8%
Langley 103,145 83.2% 3.4% 1.6% 1.7%
Chatham-Kent 101,680 93.2% 2.9% 1.7% 0.9%

Languages

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Main article: Languages of Canada
Languages in Canada
Language Percent
English
  
 58%
French
  
 22%
English and French
  
 11%
others
  
 9%

Language used most often at work:[42]

Languages by language used most often at home:[43]

Languages by mother tongue:

First language Population (2011) % of total population (2011) Population (2006) % of total population (2006) Increase (2006–2011) Notes
Single language responses 32,481,635 98.1% 30,848,270 98.7% 5.3%
Official languages 25,913,955 78.2% 24,700,425 79.1% 4.9%
English 18,858,980 56.9% 17,882,775 57.2% 5.5%
French 7,054,975 21.3% 6,817,650 21.8% 3.5%
Non-official languages 6,567,680 19.8% 6,147,840 19.7% 6.8%
Punjabi 430,705 1.3% 367,505 1.2% 17.2%
Chinese, n.o.s. 425,210 1.3% 456,705 1.5% −6.9%
Spanish 410,670 1.2% 345,345 1.1% 18.9%
German 409,200 1.2% 450,570 1.4% −9.2%
Italian 407,485 1.2% 455,040 1.5% −10.5%
Cantonese 372,460 1.1% 361,450 1.2% 3%
Arabic 327,870 1% 261,640 0.8% 25.3%
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 327,445 1% 235,615 0.8% 39%
Mandarin 248,705 0.8% 170,950 0.5% 45.5%
Portuguese 211,335 0.6% 219,275 0.7% −3.6%
Polish 191,645 0.6% 211,175 0.7% −9.2%
Urdu 172,800 0.5% 145,805 0.5% 18.5%
Persian 170,045 0.5% 134,080 0.4% 26.8%
Russian 164,330 0.5% 133,580 0.4% 23%
Vietnamese 144,880 0.4% 141,625 0.5% 2.3%
Korean 137,925 0.4% 125,570 0.4% 9.8%
Tamil 131,265 0.4% 115,880 0.4% 13.3%
Ukrainian 111,540 0.3% 134,500 0.4% −17.1%
Dutch 110,490 0.3% 128,900 0.4% −14.3%
Greek 108,925 0.3% 117,285 0.4% −7.1%
Gujarati 91,450 0.3% 81,465 0.3% 12.3%
Hindustani (Hindi) 90,545 0.3% 78,240 0.3% 15.7%
Romanian 90,300 0.3% 78,495 0.3% 15%
Cree, n.o.s. 77,900 0.2% 78,855 0.3% −1.2% In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.
Hungarian 67,920 0.2% 73,335 0.2% −7.4%
Creoles 61,725 0.2% 53,515 0.2% 15.3%
Bengali 59,370 0.2% 45,685 0.1% 30%
Serbian 56,420 0.2% 51,665 0.2% 9.2%
Croatian 49,730 0.2% 55,330 0.2% −10.1%
Japanese 39,985 0.1% 40,200 0.1% −0.5%
Inuktitut 33,500 0.1% 32,015 0.1% 4.6% In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.
Somali 31,380 0.09% 27,320 0.09% 14.9%
Armenian 29,795 0.09% 30,130 0.1% −1.1%
Turkish 29,640 0.09% 24,745 0.08% 19.8%
Albanian 23,820 0.07% N/A N/A N/A
Czech 23,585 0.07% 24,450 0.08% −3.5%
Khmer (Cambodian) 19,440 0.06% 19,105 0.06% 1.8%
Bulgarian 19,050 0.06% 16,790 0.05% 13.5%
Hebrew 18,450 0.06% 17,635 0.06% 4.6%
Amharic 18,020 0.05% 14,555 0.05% 23.8%
Ilocano 17,915 0.05% 13,450 0.04% 33.2%
Ojibway 17,625 0.05% 24,190 0.08% −27.1%
Slovak 17,580 0.05% 18,820 0.06% −6.6%
Finnish 17,415 0.05% 21,030 0.07% −17.2%
Macedonian 17,245 0.05% 18,435 0.06% −6.5%
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 16,970 0.05% N/A N/A N/A
Bisayan languages 16,240 0.05% 11,240 0.04% 44.5%
Malayalam 16,080 0.05% 11,925 0.04% 34.8%
Yiddish 15,205 0.05% 16,295 0.05% −6.7%
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 14,185 0.04% 10,180 0.03% 39.3%
Danish 14,145 0.04% 18,735 0.06% −24.5%
Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e. 14,075 0.04% N/A N/A N/A
Lao 12,970 0.04% 13,940 0.04% −7%
Akan (Twi) 12,680 0.04% 12,780 0.04% −0.8%
Pashto 12,465 0.04% 9,025 0.03% 38.1%
Bosnian 11,685 0.04% 12,790 0.04% −8.6%
Sindhi 11,330 0.03% 10,355 0.03% 9.4%
Dene 11,215 0.03% 9,745 0.03% 15.1%
Oromo 11,140 0.03% N/A N/A N/A
Malay 10,910 0.03% 9,490 0.03% 15%
Innu/Montagnais 10,785 0.03% 10,975 0.04% −1.7% In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.
Slovenian 10,775 0.03% 13,135 0.04% −18%
Tigrigna 10,220 0.03% 7,105 0.02% 43.8%
Serbo-Croatian 10,155 0.03% 12,510 0.04% −18.8%
Swahili 10,090 0.03% 7,935 0.03% 27.2%
Oji-Cree 9,835 0.03% 11,690 0.04% −15.9%
Kurdish 9,805 0.03% 7,660 0.02% 28%
Taiwanese 9,635 0.03% 9,620 0.03% 0.2%
Telugu 9,315 0.03% 6,625 0.02% 40.6%
African languages, n.i.e. 9,125 0.03% N/A N/A N/A
Afrikaans 8,770 0.03% N/A N/A N/A
Nepali 8,480 0.03% N/A N/A N/A
Thai 7,935 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Mi'kmaq 7,635 0.02% 7,365 0.02% 3.7%
Swedish 7,350 0.02% 8,220 0.03% −10.6%
Lithuanian 7,245 0.02% 8,335 0.03% −13.1%
Bantu languages, n.i.e. 7,150 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Estonian 6,385 0.02% 8,240 0.03% −22.5%
Maltese 6,220 0.02% 6,405 0.02% −2.9%
Latvian 6,200 0.02% 7,000 0.02% −11.4%
Fukien 5,925 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Berber languages (Kabyle) 5,855 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Marathi 5,830 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Atikamekw 5,820 0.02% 5,250 0.02% 10.9%
Norwegian 5,800 0.02% 7,225 0.02% −19.7%
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5,255 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Hakka 5,115 0.02% N/A N/A N/A
Flemish 4,690 0.01% 5,660 0.02% −17.1%
Tibetan languages 4,640 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 4,360 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Rundi (Kirundi) 3,975 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) 3,895 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Sign languages, n.i.e. 3,815 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 3,630 0.01% N/A N/A N/A
Lingala 3,085 0.009% N/A N/A N/A
Stoney 3,050 0.009% N/A N/A N/A
Burmese 2,985 0.009% N/A N/A N/A
Shanghainese 2,920 0.009% N/A N/A N/A
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) N/A N/A 5,585 0.02% N/A
Blackfoot N/A N/A 3,085 0.01% N/A
Frisian N/A N/A 2,890 0.009% N/A
Dogrib N/A N/A 2,020 0.006% N/A
Algonquin N/A N/A 1,920 0.006% N/A
South Slave N/A N/A 1,605 0.005% N/A
Carrier N/A N/A 1,560 0.005% N/A
Gitksan N/A N/A 1,180 0.004% N/A
Chilcotin N/A N/A 1,070 0.003% N/A
North Slave (Hare) N/A N/A 1,065 0.003% N/A
Shuswap N/A N/A 935 0.003% N/A
Nisga’a N/A N/A 680 0.002% N/A
Malecite N/A N/A 535 0.002% N/A
Chipewyan N/A N/A 525 0.002% N/A
Inuinnaqtun N/A N/A 365 0.001% N/A
Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux) N/A N/A 360 0.001% N/A
Mohawk N/A N/A 290 0.0009% N/A
Tlingit N/A N/A 80 0.0003% N/A
Other languages 77,890 0.2% 172,650 0.6% −54.9%
Multiple language responses 639,540 1.9% 392,760 1.3% 62.8%
English and French 144,685 0.4% 98,630 0.3% 46.7%
English and a non-official language 396,330 1.2% 240,005 0.8% 65.1%
French and a non-official language 74,430 0.2% 43,335 0.1% 71.8%
English, French, and a non-official language 24,095 0.07% 10,790 0.03% 123.3%
Total 33,121,175 100% 31,241,030 100% 6%
[44][45]

Religion

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See also: Religion in Canada

Statistics Canada (StatCan) grouped responses to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) question on religion into nine core religious categories – Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality, other religions and no religious affiliation.[46] Among these, 67% of Canadians were self-identified as Christians in 2011.[47] The second and third-largest categories were of Canadians with no religious affiliation at 24% and Canadian Muslims at 3%.[47]

Within the 2011 NHS results, StatCan further subcategorized Christianity in nine groups of its own – Anglican, Baptist, Catholic, Christian Orthodox, Lutheran, Pentecostal, Presbyterian, United Church and Other Christian.[46] Among these, 39% of Canadians were self-identified as Catholic in 2011.[47] The second and third-largest ungrouped subcategories of Christian Canadians were United at 6% and Anglican at 5%, while 9% of Christians were grouped into the Other Christian subcategory comprising numerous denominations.[47]

Of the 3,036,785 or 5% of Canadians identified as Other Christians:[47]

Religion status of the Canadian Population in 2011[47]
Religion Total Percent
Buddhist 366,830 1%
Christian 22,102,745 67%
   Anglican 1,631,845 5%
   Baptist 635,840 2%
   Roman Catholic 12,810,705 39%
   Christian Orthodox 550,690 2%
   Lutheran 478,185 1%
   Pentecostal 478,705 1%
   Presbyterian 472,385 1%
   United Church 2,007,610 6%
   Other Christian 3,036,785 9%
Hindu 497,960 2%
Jewish 329,500 1%
Muslim 1,053,945 3%
Sikh 454,965 1%
Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality 64,940 0%
Other religions 130,835 0%
No religious affiliation 7,850,605 24%

See also

Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories

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Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Data for ethnic origin was collected by self-declaration, labels may not necessarily describe the true ancestry of respondents. Many respondents also acknowledged multiple ancestries. Source: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Additional data: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971–2008 (pdf pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57 Archived September 25, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics: the Americas, 1750-2000.
  13. ↑ [1] United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
  14. ↑ Statistics Canada
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada – Select a geography
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Statistics Canada, NHS Profile, Canada, 2011
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Statistics Canada, Population by Aboriginal Groups and Sex, Showing Age Groups, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)
  24. ↑ Statistics Canada, Total Population by Visible Minority Population, for Canada, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Statistics Canada, Community Highlights for Canada
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Statistics Canada, 2006 Community Profiles: Canada (Country)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Statistics Canada, NHS Profiles
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Statistics Canada, National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011
  42. ↑ Statistics Canada – Language used at work1 by frequency of language used at work and mother tongue, 2006 counts
  43. ↑ The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Census Profile – Province/Territory, Census Profile – Province/Territory
  45. ↑ Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations|Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

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See also: Bibliography of Canada
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  • Roderic Beaujot and Don Kerr, (2007) The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population, Canadian Scholars' Press, ISBN 978-1-55130-322-2.

External links

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